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Establish Protocols to Identify Patients Who Could Benefit From Integrated Care

Standard workflows and protocols for screening and intervention allow your practice to better serve patients who could benefit from integrated behavioral health services. By using a systematic approach, providers can improve access to integrated care without having to rely on their memory of which patients are most in need and which patients have received needed services.

As the health care system moves toward paying for value, a key success factor is to target integrated behavioral health services to populations that are most likely to benefit. Effective protocols for identifying and engaging patients can improve both cost and quality.

The setting uses established protocols to identify patients who could benefit from integrated ambulatory care.

There is evidence that integrating behavioral health services into primary care might benefit people with:

  • Common mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety.
  • Common chronic medical conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, with or without co-morbid mental health conditions.

Patients with other conditions also might benefit from integration of behavioral health services, but the evidence is not as strong. These conditions include:

  • Chronic pain;
  • Substance use problems; and
  • Stress-related symptoms.

Taken together, patients with these conditions make up a large proportion of the patient population of any primary care practice and many specialty practices. The choice of which conditions to focus on initially will depend on factors unique to your setting, such as the available behavioral health expertise and the characteristics of your population.

Useful Resource(s) for determining which patients could benefit from the integration of behavioral health services

Screening is one of the most common methods for identifying patients who might benefit from integrated behavioral health services. See the Measures on the Academy portal for a list of publicly available screening instruments.

Registries are another common way to identify patients. A disease registry is a database with information about patients who have a specific diagnosis.

Additional ways to identify patients include reviewing problem lists or schedules, health record data, patterns of utilization or claims data, provider notes, and patient requests if captured in health records or patient portals.

How Others Are Doing It

The mental health integration (MHI) model at Intermountain Healthcare includes mental health screening for patients with behavioral health indicators. The provider reviews the screening results to assess patient risk level and assigns the patient to an appropriate level of care. Intermountain Healthcare also maintains a registry, which includes Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. Using registry data, they developed predictive risk modeling to inform depression treatment plans. Learn more about their depression triage pathway and registry (PDF - 0.17 MB).

The Minnesota Department of Human Services and the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement collaborated with employers, patients, and nonprofit health plans to start the Depression Improvement Across Minnesota Offering a New Direction (DIAMOND) program. DIAMOND uses specified patient eligibility criteria to determine appropriate services for patients and has improved remission rates and treatment responses. Read more about the program.

Useful Resource(s) for identifying patients with behavioral health conditions

To reliably build integration into the workflow for your target population, the general approach is similar regardless of how you define that population. Your answers to the following key questions will help inform your approach:

  • Who is your identified target population?
  • Who on the staff will reach out to them and when?
  • How will the involvement of a behavioral health provider be proposed?

The introduction of integrated behavioral health services to the patient needs to be done thoughtfully, given the stigma that continues to be associated with behavioral health care. Emphasize the behavioral health provider’s skills and abilities in addressing the patient’s problem, rather than the provider’s specific discipline. For example, describing the behavioral health provider as a “team member who is an expert on managing stress” or a “team member who is good at helping people with their diabetes” may be more successful than saying that the patient should see a counselor.

Staff members who understand the goals of integration can play an important role in connecting patients with integrated behavioral health services. For example, practice staff may learn things about patients that might suggest a benefit from integrated care (e.g., life circumstances, stress, or even symptoms or problems that the patient may not want to raise with his or her medical provider).

How Others Are Doing It

Barre Family Health Center (BFHC), part of UMass Memorial Health Care, launched an initiative to build behavioral health into the clinical workflow of their patient-centered medical home. As part of this initiative, BFHC developed a screening program to identify patients with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, or alcohol-use disorders. Read about screening workflow, challenges, and lessons learned (PDF - 416 KB).

Now that you have selected your target population and brainstormed a general approach for reaching those patients, it is time to develop standard workflows and protocols for reliably identifying and engaging your target population. Use the following steps to guide your workflow development:

  1. Reflect on your goal and your current performance toward that goal. For example, assess your current depression screening rate and set a goal for improving that rate.
  2. Assess your current workflow for behavioral health screening (e.g., depression screening).
  3. Use a multidisciplinary team of staff and providers to map out the current workflow and brainstorm ways to improve it.
  4. Use small tests of change in cycles to try promising new approaches. For example, the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) process can help guide improvement by systematically testing changes.
  5. As you learn from each successive small test of change, try your workflow on a larger scale with the goal of finding an approach that can work across your organization.

Useful Resource(s) for developing workflows and protocols for integrated care

Useful Resource(s) for testing new workflows

  • Don’t rely on provider referral as your only method for identifying patients who could benefit from integrated care.
  • Don’t screen all patients for depression and other behavioral health conditions at every visit. Annual screening is less of a burden on patients and providers.
  • Don’t forget to monitor the process of linking target populations to integrated behavioral health care. It is important to assess how well you are doing and whether any changes are needed.