Literature Reviews | The Academy

The below documents represent the findings of environmental scans that have been conducted by the Integration Academy since its inception.

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Environmental Scan

In 2025, the Academy team conducted an environmental scan that consisted of a literature review, key informant interviews, synthesis of findings, and a tools and resources search, to characterize the policy, clinical, and implementation landscape of treating people with opioid use disorder (OUD) using medications in primary care. The purpose of this environmental scan was to update the Academy’s MOUD Playbook (formerly titled MAT for OUD Playbook), a one-stop-shop for primary care practices to implement medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Identified tools and resources were highlighted in the Playbook and uploaded to the Academy’s Substance Use Tools & Resources Collection.

Delivering Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care: Environmental Scan (PDF )

This document provides a description of the methodology used to conduct an environmental scan on the landscape of MOUD, key findings from the literature review and key informant interviews, as well as a synthesis and associated recommendations for updates to the Playbook based on the environmental scan findings.

Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (MAT for OUD) Environmental Scan

The 2025 environmental scan updated a previous effort conducted by the Academy, a 2017 environmental scan and literature review on medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) (now referred to as MOUD) in rural primary care. This two-volume environmental scan, a literature review of peer-reviewed and grey references, helped to inform the creation of the Academy’s original MOUD Playbook and populated the original Substance Use Tools & Resources Collection (formerly titled the MAT for OUD Tools & Resources Collection). The environmental scan was also important as a foundation for the Academy’s work with AHRQ grantees who were working to implement MAT/MOUD in rural primary care in five states.

MAT for OUD Environmental Scan, Volume 2: Tools and Resources (PDF 1.28 MB)

This document includes more than 350 tools and resources available to providers, patients, and communities to help implement MAT in rural primary care and other ambulatory care settings. These tools are categorized by topic and address the full spectrum of needs for patients with or at risk for OUD, including OUD awareness and education prevention, MAT training and education, MAT implementation, and overdose. Although the tools were not all created specifically for rural primary care practices, they are potentially useful in those and other settings. This replaces the previous version of Volume 2 that was released in 2017.

MAT for OUD Environmental Scan, Volume 1 (PDF 0.69 MB)

This environmental scan describes the significant challenges and barriers that may limit access to MAT services in rural primary care settings, including those related to workforce, stigma, logistics, financing, and policy. The report also highlights essential characteristics of effective MAT practices and identifies three innovative models of care that may help overcome challenges to implementing MAT services in rural primary care settings.

Unhealthy Alcohol Use Environmental Scan

Starting in 2019 and through 2023, annual scans of the literature took place to identify tools and resources for the Academy’s Unhealthy Alcohol Use Collection, and were reported in a Final Environmental Scan Report.

Environmental Scan Final Report - Unhealthy Alcohol Use

Environmental Scan Final Report - Managing Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Primary Care (PDF 10.76)

This report is a culmination of an e-scan conducted annually from August 2019 to August 2023 for AHRQ’s EvidenceNOW: Managing Unhealthy Alcohol Use Initiative, to address Unhealthy Alcohol Use (UAU). The initiative funded six sites (grantees) that supported several hundred primary care practices to increase implementation of UAU evidence-based interventions such as screening and brief intervention (SBI) and medication-assisted therapy (MAT).