A shared care plan is a patient-centered health record designed to facilitate communication among members of the care team, including the patient and providers. Rather than relying on separate medical and behavioral health care (treatment) plans, a shared plan of care combines both aspects to encourage a team approach to care.
Giving patients the opportunity to help develop and negotiate their care plans transforms the relationship between patients and providers. By emphasizing transparency and cooperation in developing shared care plans, your practice can reshape and improve its relationship with patients. When patients are engaged in the process, providers can better understand patients’ preferences and values in relation to their health and health care. In addition, patient engagement through shared care plans promotes shared decisionmaking between patients and providers.
In integrated care settings, it is vital that all members of the care team have access to the same information and can build upon the shared care plan. Team members must act in coordination toward a common goal to provide quality integrated care and avoid errors.
Patients are routinely part of creating care plans and making decisions. All members of the integrated care team have access to the care plan and practice in accord with it.
The development and use of a patient-centered care plan requires the ongoing participation of multiple members of the care team. Every professional who is part of the patient’s care should be familiar with the patient’s care plan. This familiarity should become an expectation within the practice’s or health system’s culture.
A shared care plan can be used as a tool for easy exchange of clinical information, medication reconciliation, and other forms of coordination between primary care providers, behavioral health providers, and other members of the care team. It is critical that all care team members refer to the care plan when managing and treating patients, and that they indicate any changes in treatment or patient status.
A shared care plan may include some or all of the following elements:
Here are some additional elements that are important to include in the care plan:
It is helpful to have a patient’s shared care plan linked with the electronic health record (EHR) system when feasible. Many elements of the care plan can then be populated automatically with information from the EHR.
When possible, staff with care/case management expertise (i.e., those trained to assist and support patients in overcoming barriers to physical or behavioral health) can lead the coordination process and ensure that the care plan reflects the input of the patient and other team members. One strategy is to have the patient fill out a form on the practice’s online portal and have this information automatically populate parts of the care plan. Additional information for the care plan can be provided by staff who carry out care/case management functions.
Cherokee Health Systems in Tennessee, which is both a community mental health center and a federally qualified health center, embeds behavioral health care providers in its primary care clinics. Cherokee aims to maintain an EHR system and a unified workflow to facilitate integration. Read more at Cherokee Health Systems.
Intermountain Healthcare in Salt Lake City promotes behavioral health integration through its own in-house ambulatory and hospital-based information technology systems. The EHR system, health information exchange system, and population registries are all linked. Read more at Intermountain Healthcare.
The Behavioral Health Integration program at MaineHealth consists of approximately 30 providers working in nearly 40 practices within seven hospital systems across central and southern Maine. MaineHealth’s system promotes shared medical decisionmaking by allowing providers to easily store and transmit patient information. Read more at MaineHealth.
Access Community Health Centers in Madison, WI, ensures that psychiatrists and other providers have access to a patient’s health records. Primary care providers, behavioral health specialists, and the consulting psychiatrist regularly interact and discuss patient care. Read more about Access Community Health Centers.
Engaging patients in the creation of their care plan requires the participation of multiple members of the team. One or more members of the team should become skilled at introducing the process of developing health goals and creating an action plan. Getting patient permission to exchange information should become a standard practice in the setting. Developing a complete care plan commonly requires multiple visits. Discussion of the care plan should address the links between physical and behavioral health.
When patients are engaged in their care plan, they have control over communications that may go beyond the care team. For example, patients can indicate if they want to be notified when the practice or system communicates with the community network or family members. Providers should be prepared to talk with patients about information sharing and confidentiality. Once the care plan is in place, it provides a mechanism for review that is broader than a medication list. An annual review of care plans can be done face to face or through a patient portal.
The Community Health Plan of Washington has been administering the Mental Health Integration Program at federally qualified community health clinics statewide since 2009. As part of this program, onsite behavioral health care managers act as linkages between primary and behavioral health care. A Web-based registry known as the Care Management Tracking System supports behavioral health integration and patient engagement. Read more about Community Health Plan of Washington.
The Playbook includes many examples of how sites have implemented specific aspects of integration. If you would like to contribute, please send us your example of how your organization develops and engages patients in shared care plans.
A document that provides four sample patient-centered care plans.
This is an example of a behavioral health treatment plan from MaineHealth’s Behavioral Health Integration program.
Read about engaging and involving patients and families in care, including the development of a shared care plan.
A report that describes the legal boundaries related to information sharing in California.
This brief reviews strategies to overcome barriers to information exchange between behavioral and medical health providers.
This report includes guidance on developing a shared care plan with children who have chronic or complex health conditions.
Cherokee Health Systems embeds behavioral health care providers in its primary care clinics and aims to maintain an electronic health record system and a unified workflow to facilitate integration.
Intermountain Healthcare promotes behavioral health integration through its own in-house ambulatory and hospital-based information technology systems.
MaineHealth’s electronic health record system promotes shared decisionmaking by allowing providers to easily store and transmit patient information.
Access Community Health Centers ensures that psychiatrists and other providers have access to a patient’s health records. Primary care providers, behavioral health specialists, and the consulting psychiatrist regularly interact and discuss patient care.
This report offers strategies, tips, and lessons learned for supporting patient engagement in integrated care settings.
This report offers engagement strategies and outlines key responsibilities for both patients and providers.
This article reviews a model to achieve shared decision making in clinical settings.
This section of the Lexicon reminds providers of their responsibility to initiate conversations about information sharing with patients.
This guide for patients provides information on a variety of depression medications.
This fact sheet for providers includes information and tips to improve shared decision making.
This case study reviews tools used by the Community Health Plan of Washington to support behavioral health integration and patient engagement.
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