Literature Collection

Background: At the start of the pandemic, relaxation of buprenorphine prescribing regulations created an opportunity to create new models of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) delivery and care. To expand and improve access to MOUD, we adapted and implemented the Tele-Harm Reduction (THR) intervention; a multicomponent, telehealth-based and peer-driven intervention to promote HIV viral suppression among people who inject drugs (PWID) accessing a syringe services program (SSP). This study examined buprenorphine initiation and retention among PWID with opioid use disorder who received the adapted THR intervention at the IDEA Miami SSP.Methods: A retrospective chart review of participants who received the THR intervention for MOUD was performed to examine the impact of telehealth on buprenorphine retention. Our primary outcome was three-month retention, defined as three consecutive months of buprenorphine dispensed from the pharmacy.Results: A total of 109 participants received the adapted THR intervention. Three-month retention rate on buprenorphine was 58.7%. Seeing a provider via telehealth at baseline or any follow up visit (aOR = 7.53, 95% CI: [2.36, 23.98]) and participants who had received an escalating dose of buprenorphine after baseline visit (aOR = 8.09, 95% CI: [1.83, 35.87]) had a higher adjusted odds of retention at three months. Participants who self-reported or tested positive for a stimulant (methamphetamine, amphetamine, or cocaine) at baseline had a lower adjusted odds of retention on buprenorphine at three months (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI: [0.09, 0.93]).Conclusions: Harm reduction settings can adapt dynamically to the needs of PWID in provision of critical lifesaving buprenorphine in a truly destigmatising approach. Our pilot suggests that an SSP may be an acceptable and feasible venue for delivery of THR to increase uptake of buprenorphine by PWID and promote retention in care.KEY MESSAGESThe Tele-Harm Reduction intervention can be adapted for initiating and retaining people who inject drugs with opioid use disorder on buprenorphine within a syringe services program setting. Using telehealth was associated with increased three-month buprenorphine retention. Baseline stimulant use was negatively associated with three-month buprenorphine retention.

Multimorbidity poses significant challenges for patients and healthcare systems, often exacerbated by fragmented care and insufficient collaboration across providers. Blended Collaborative Care (BCC) is a promising strategy to address care complexity by partnering care managers (CMs) with primary care providers (PCPs) and specialists. This study aimed to adapt and pilot a BCC intervention for patients aged 65+ with heart failure and physical-mental multimorbidity. Our objectives were to assess the feasibility of the study procedures, patient recruitment, participant satisfaction and acceptability, and to identify necessary adjustments for improving intervention delivery. We evaluated goal attainment and intervention fidelity through standardised electronic documentation by CMs, and patient acceptance and satisfaction through semi-structured interviews. A monocentric, one-arm pilot study involved nine patients with a mean of 6.7 contacts with their CM over three months. Patients' health goals primarily focused on lifestyle changes and psychosocial support. The intervention was generally well-accepted, with no reported negative consequences. Difficulties in establishing working alliances with PCPs were a barrier to effective implementation. The analysis indicated the need for minor procedural adjustments. Next steps include launching the ESCAPE trial, a large randomised-controlled trial across different European healthcare systems and developing strategies to facilitate PCP involvement.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and potential health effects of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy-enhanced collaborative care (cCBT-CC) versus usual primary care (UC). BACKGROUND: Internet-based cCBT can effectively treat depression but is not widely used, including in the Veterans Health Administration where it was freely available for veterans. We adapted pre-existing depression collaborative care models using implementation and user-centered design strategies to facilitate cCBT implementation. METHODS: This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 57 VA primary care patients to cCBT-CC or UC. Participants had Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores of 10+. Those with serious mental illness (e.g., bipolar depression, schizophrenia) and active suicidality were excluded. Intervention patients received tailored Vets Prevail cCBT accompanied by collaborative care manager support, overseen by psychiatry and primary care. UC offered collaborative care services and digital mental health tools at baseline. Feasibility (patient reach, provider adoption, intervention implementation), acceptability (CSQ-8), and potential effectiveness (PHQ-9) data was collected at baseline and 3-months by a blinded study team member. RESULTS: Participants (cCBT-CC n = 29, UC n = 28) were 50 years old (mean); 70 % men; 32 % White, 32 % Hispanic, 25 % Black; 21 % homeless-experienced. Mean baseline PHQ-9 scores were 15.1 (SD = 5.0); 39 % reported suicidal thoughts/behaviors. 72 % of 94 primary care providers, from 6 out of the 8 participating clinics, helped support their patients' participation. cCBT-CC participants received 4 care manager check-ins over 33 days totaling 113 min (64 % clinical; 36 % technical), on average. They completed mean 6.7 out of 11 cCBT lessons. Participants in the cCBT-CC arm experienced a statistically (not clinically) significant decline in the primary outcome of depression (Δ = -2.5; p = 0.02) symptoms from pretreatment to posttreatment. There was a greater, albeit non-significant, decrease in PHQ-9 scores among cCBT-CC participants over 3-months, compared to UC participants (Δ = -2.8; 95 % CI = -5.6, -0.01; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: cCBT-enhanced collaborative care appeared feasible, acceptable, and possibly effective in treating primary care patients with depression.

Utilization of telehealth modalities to provide cognitive and behavioral therapies is rapidly increasing. Limitations to access to care can prohibit individuals from getting the care they need, especially evidence-based treatments. In the U.S., Veterans are a population in great need of accessible and high-quality evidence-based psychotherapy for insomnia, as it often co-occurs with other common syndromes such as depression and PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) offers effective treatment for insomnia and can be delivered via telehealth and in a group format to greatly increase availability and accessibility. To date, however, few programs exist offering telehealth-to-home CBT-I, fewer still are offered in a primary care setting, and none to our knowledge are offered in group format. We examine the feasibility and efficacy of a fully telehealth-to-home (TTH) group CBT-I pilot program in primary care and compare primary outcomes to those seen in a face-to-face (F2F) format as well as meta-analytic studies of group CBT-I. Primary endpoints, as typically defined such as sleep efficiency (SE) and scores on the insomnia severity index (ISI) appear comparable to those seen in F2F groups in our clinic, and to outcomes seen in the literature. We discuss challenges and strategies for successful implementation of such a program in integrated primary care to increase access and availability of this evidence-based treatment.

Addressing socio-demographic differences that affect mental health service encounters is crucial for ethical practice and enhancing therapeutic alliances. Yet discussing personal perceptions of socio-demographic influences within a large healthcare system can be challenging due to discomfort among staff and the need for engagement at both interpersonal and organizational levels. The SITE project sought to intervene on one healthcare system's mental health providers' willingness to discuss patient background during care coordination. An internal workgroup used intervention mapping enhanced with frameworks from socio-demographic-focused literature and implementation science. Data collection included surveys, interviews, and a participatory consensus process. The results were two multi-component intervention packages designed to address interpersonal and organizational barriers, each targeting providers' willingness and psychological safety in addressing patient-specific background factors with colleagues. The interventions were adopted by the setting and then later dissolved due to administrative shifts. While the resultant interventions are unique to this setting, we demonstrate a repeatable process for adapting a well-known intervention development method (intervention mapping (IM)) informed by theory and implementation science. This process can be applied in other healthcare systems for discerning multi-level interventions appropriate to different contexts.

OBJECTIVES: This quality improvement project sought to develop guidance for Home-Based Primary Care (HPBC) Mental Health (MH) clinicians on integrating Measurement-Based Care (MBC) into their practice and gain participating psychologists' feedback on their experience using MBC for treating mental health concerns with HBPC Veterans. METHODS: Based on feedback from the HBPC MH community and in consultation with national leadership, a workgroup of HBPC psychologists developed a guide tailoring MBC to HBPC Veterans. Eight HBPC psychologists piloted the adapted MBC approach with 53 Veterans. Participating psychologists provided feedback on measure administration, Veterans' responses to MBC, and perceived benefits and challenges. RESULTS: Pilot participants' feedback suggested that MBC can be a highly useful tool for delivering mental health services in HBPC, although feedback varied about specific MBC measures. Qualitative feedback was primarily positive, but participants noted challenges based on the nature of the presenting problem and Veteran-specific characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that MBC can be utilized with appropriate HBPC Veterans and has the potential to benefit care. Further research is needed to clarify factors that enhance or reduce MBC's utility within HBPC. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: HBPC MH providers identified MBC as a useful tool particularly when adapted to meet the needs of HBPC Veterans.

OBJECTIVES: This quality improvement project sought to develop guidance for Home-Based Primary Care (HPBC) Mental Health (MH) clinicians on integrating Measurement-Based Care (MBC) into their practice and gain participating psychologists' feedback on their experience using MBC for treating mental health concerns with HBPC Veterans. METHODS: Based on feedback from the HBPC MH community and in consultation with national leadership, a workgroup of HBPC psychologists developed a guide tailoring MBC to HBPC Veterans. Eight HBPC psychologists piloted the adapted MBC approach with 53 Veterans. Participating psychologists provided feedback on measure administration, Veterans' responses to MBC, and perceived benefits and challenges. RESULTS: Pilot participants' feedback suggested that MBC can be a highly useful tool for delivering mental health services in HBPC, although feedback varied about specific MBC measures. Qualitative feedback was primarily positive, but participants noted challenges based on the nature of the presenting problem and Veteran-specific characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that MBC can be utilized with appropriate HBPC Veterans and has the potential to benefit care. Further research is needed to clarify factors that enhance or reduce MBC's utility within HBPC. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: HBPC MH providers identified MBC as a useful tool particularly when adapted to meet the needs of HBPC Veterans.