Literature Collection

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether patients receiving opioid substitution therapy (OST) in general practice cause other patients sufficient distress to change practices--a perceived barrier that prevents general practitioners from prescribing OST. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of consecutive adult patients in the waiting rooms of a network of research general practices in New South Wales during August-December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of disturbing waiting room experiences where drug intoxication was considered a factor, discomfort about sharing the waiting room with patients being treated for drug addiction, and likelihood of changing practices if the practice provided specialised care for patients with opiate addiction. RESULTS: From 15 practices (eight OST-prescribing), 1138 of 1449 invited patients completed questionnaires (response rate, 78.5%). A disturbing experience in any waiting room at any time was reported by 18.0% of respondents (203/1130), with only 3.1% (35/1128) reporting that drug intoxication was a contributing factor. However, 39.3% of respondents (424/1080) would feel uncomfortable sharing the waiting room with someone being treated for drug addiction. Respondents were largely unaware of the OST-prescribing status of the practice (12.1% of patients attending OST-prescribing practices [70/579] correctly reported this). Only 15.9% of respondents (165/1037) reported being likely to change practices if theirs provided specialised care for opiate-addicted patients. In contrast, 28.7% (302/1053) were likely to change practices if consistently kept waiting more than 30 minutes, and 26.6% (275/1033) would likely do so if consultation fees increased by $10. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the frequency of stigmatising attitudes towards patients requiring treatment for drug addiction, GPs' concerns that prescribing OST in their practices would have a negative impact on other patients' waiting room experiences or on retention of patients seem to be unfounded.

Low-income women experience disproportionately high rates of adverse maternal mental health outcomes, such as pregnancy-related depression, and have less access to behavioral health support. Adverse maternal mental health affects children through compromising bonding, impeding early childhood development, and increasing risks of child maltreatment. Integrated behavioral health approaches can improve access to behavioral health services by locating services in community-based settings routinely accessed by low-income families. Warm Connections is an innovative integrated behavioral health program delivered in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and rooted in an infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) framework. This exploratory study describes Warm Connections and provides evaluation results from its pilot implementation. Findings suggest Warm Connections may reduce distress and increase parenting efficacy among low-income mothers and support further research of this program's feasibility.

INTRODUCTION: This scoping review examined the bidirectional impact of spirituality on active duty military service members and Veterans with combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The rationale for this work was to characterize how spirituality influences this population, considering moderators such as social support and resilience, as well as social determinants of health (SDoH), adverse childhood experiences, and family religious experiences in order to (1) explore the associations between spirituality and PTSD outcomes, (2) screen for spirituality and religiosity, (3) provide integrated care models that incorporate spiritual guidance, and (4) where possible, work to address modifiable factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Objective: To characterize the impact of spirituality on active duty military and Veterans with combat-related PTSD. Eligibility Criteria: Articles were included if they examined active duty military or Veterans diagnosed with combat-related PTSD and assessed spirituality. Sources of Evidence: A systematic search was conducted on July 23, 2024, across Academic Search Premier, APA PsycINFO, APA PsycArticles, Atla Religion, CINAHL Ultimate, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and SocINDEX. Charting Methods: Data extraction followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis and was conducted using Covidence. A data extraction template was developed to compare study aims, population, eligibility criteria, combat exposure, PTSD and mental health diagnoses, spiritual and religious variables, and validated measures. The template also captured pre- and post-deployment factors, including spirituality before combat exposure, educational, marital status, and other demographic or social variables. Key outcomes included PTSD symptom severity, posttraumatic growth, moral injury, and resilience. Moderators such as positive social factors, SDoH, adverse childhood experiences, and service era were also recorded. Studies were grouped thematically and geographically to identify patterns across military populations and research frameworks. RESULTS: A total of 59 studies met inclusion criteria, with 50 (84.7%) being cross-sectional, reflecting the predominance of observational research. Randomized controlled trials accounted for 3 (5.1%), although cohort studies were limited to 4 (6.8%). Research primarily focused on U.S. Veterans, with limited global representation from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Croatia, Iran, Mexico, and Sri Lanka. The most commonly used measures followed a framework of combat exposure, moral injury, PTSD, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth. Mixed associations between religious/spiritual (R/S) factors and mental health were observed. Positive religious coping, organizational religious activities, and religious service attendance generally predicted better mental health, whereas negative religious coping and spiritual struggles consistently predicted worse mental health. However, paradoxical findings were also observed, such that greater intrinsic religiosity and pre-military religious commitment predicted worse posttraumatic outcomes in some studies. CONCLUSIONS: Spirituality was variably associated with PTSD severity but more consistently linked to moral injury, resilience, and posttraumatic growth. Given the limited number of studies and variability in findings, it is not possible to draw definite conclusions about associations between R/S and combat-related PTSD at this time. Findings highlight the need for longitudinal and interventional studies and support development of spiritually integrated, culturally informed care models to improve outcomes for diverse military and Veteran populations.