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The Literature Collection contains over 11,000 references for published and grey literature on the integration of behavioral health and primary care. Learn More
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BACKGROUND: Health care delivery systems are increasingly integrating physical and mental health services to address patients' complex needs, contain costs, and improve satisfaction. Therefore, it is critical to understand whether adoption of integrated care models is effective in diverse settings. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of integrated care on physical and mental health outcomes among low-income Latino participants on the US-Mexico border. RESEARCH DESIGN: In this quasi-experimental multisite study, individual-level data were pooled from 8 studies of locally adapted integrated care models. SUBJECTS: Participants were 18 years or older and had 1 or more chronic conditions: diabetes, depression, hypertension, or obesity. The study enrolled 4226 participants with 2254 participants in the intervention group and 1972 in the comparison group. MEASURES: Primary outcomes were depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score and blood glucose measured by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Blood pressure, body mass index, and quality of life were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Multivariable linear regression analyses indicated intervention participants had significantly lower Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores (β=-0.39, P=0.03) and HbA1c (β=-0.14, P=0.02) at 12 months compared with comparison group participants. Stratified analyses showed improvements in HbA1c were even greater among intervention participants who had diabetes, depression, severe and persistent mental illness, were older or female compared with their counterparts in the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: Health care is constantly transforming, making it critical to study these changes across populations and settings. Findings from this study indicate that integrated care can significantly improve mental and physical health in an underserved Latino population.