Literature Collection

This case study explores the role that pharmacists can have managing resistant hypertension (RH) in rural Appalachian veterans, where health care access is limited. RH, defined as blood pressure above target despite adherence to multiple antihypertensive medications, presents challenges in chronic disease management. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has integrated CPPs to improve medication adherence, reduce hospitalizations, and enhance blood pressure control, particularly in underserved areas. The patient, a 65-year-old male veteran with hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, and PTSD, had struggled with poorly controlled hypertension for years, experiencing adverse reactions to multiple antihypertensive medications. Living more than 60 minutes from the nearest VA facility, he had not seen his primary care provider since early 2021, exacerbating his condition. Despite initial reluctance to restart medications, the CPP implemented a stepwise management approach, utilizing telehealth for remote blood pressure monitoring and regular follow-ups. Over several months, pharmacologic therapy combined with lifestyle modifications led to significant blood pressure improvement. This case highlights the crucial role of CPPs in rural health care, offering accessible, continuous care and personalized management of complex conditions. Telehealth and remote monitoring further facilitated care, overcoming geographic barriers and enhancing patient engagement. The collaboration between pharmacists and specialists ensured comprehensive care and optimized treatment. This case demonstrates the potential for expanding CPP roles in rural areas to improve chronic disease management, reduce health care disparities, and enhance patient outcomes through telehealth and team-based care.

Drawing upon a longitudinal survey of clinicians who treat patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), we report changes over time in telemedicine use, clinicians' attitudes, and digital equity strategies. Clinicians reported less use of telemedicine (both video and audio-only) in 2022 than in 2020. In March 2022, 77.0 percent of clinician respondents reported implementing digital equity strategies to help patients overcome barriers to video visits.