Email UpdatesLiterature Collection
Collection Insights
11K+
References
9K+
Articles
1500+
Grey Literature
4600+
Opioids & SU
The Literature Collection contains over 11,000 references for published and grey literature on the integration of behavioral health and primary care. Learn More
Use the Search feature below to find references for your terms across the entire Literature Collection, or limit your searches by Authors, Keywords, or Titles and by Year, Type, or Topic. View your search results as displayed, or use the options to: Show more references per page; Sort references by Title or Date; and Refine your search criteria. Expand an individual reference to View Details. Full-text access to the literature may be available through a link to PubMed, a DOI, or a URL. References may also be exported for use in bibliographic software (e.g., EndNote, RefWorks, Zotero).
11272 Results
5524
Integrating physical health: What were the costs to behavioral health care clinics?
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2018
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To inform providers and policy-makers about the potential costs of providing physical health care in mental health clinics. METHODS: Cost data were collected through interviews with 22 behavioral health clinics participating in New York State Office of Mental Health's health monitoring and health physicals programs. The interview data was combined with financial reporting data provided to the state to identify per interaction costs for two levels of physical health services: health monitoring and health monitoring plus health physicals. RESULTS: This study gives detailed information on the costs of clinics' health integration programs, including per interaction costs related to direct service, charting and administration, and total care coordination. Average direct costs per client interaction were 3 times higher for health physicals than for health monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: Costs of integrating physical care services are not trivial to mental health clinics, and may pose a barrier to widespread adoption. Provision of limited health monitoring services is less expensive for clinics, but generates proportionally large non-clinical costs than health physicals. The relative health impact of this more limited approach is an important area for future study. Also, shifting reimbursement to include health care coordination time may improve program sustainability.
Topic(s):
Financing & Sustainability
See topic collection
Reference Links: 
View the DOI record for Integrating physical health: What were the costs to behavioral health care clinics?
View DOI Record
View the PubMed citation for Integrating physical health: What were the costs to behavioral health care clinics?5528
Integrating primary care and behavioral health with four special populations: Children with special needs, people with serious mental illness, refugees, and deaf people
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2014
Publication Place: United States
Topic(s):
Healthcare Disparities
See topic collection
5529
Integrating primary care into a community mental health center
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2021
Abstract:
Our initiation of a reverse-integration practice model revealed numerous advantages and rewards, as well as many challenges, for which we found solutions.
Topic(s):
Education & Workforce
See topic collection
Reference Links:
View the DOI record for Integrating primary care into a community mental health center
View DOI Record
View the PubMed citation for Integrating primary care into a community mental health center5530
Integrating Primary Care Into Assertive Community Treatment
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2022
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: This program evaluation examined integration of primary care nurse practitioners into assertive community treatment (ACT). METHODS: From January to June 2019, primary care nurse practitioners in a postgraduate fellowship program were assigned to five ACT teams (N=305 participants). Focus groups explored staff members' and participants' experiences. Screening rates for hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol for ACT participants were compared over time. RESULTS: Staff and participants in ACT described improved engagement in primary care, citing benefit from colocation and consultation. Field visits were not found to be an efficient use of the primary care nurse practitioners' time to serve most ACT participants. A significant increase in screening was observed after 6 months for the ACT teams with integrated primary care. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated primary care nurse practitioner readily available for participant engagement and consultation with the ACT team, using a cardiometabolic registry to guide care, may offer a sustainable model of integration.
Topic(s):
Education & Workforce
See topic collection
Reference Links: View the PubMed citation for Integrating Primary Care Into Assertive Community Treatment
5533
Integrating Primary Care Into Community Behavioral Health Settings: Programs and Early Implementation Experiences
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2013
Abstract: OBJECTIVE This article describes the characteristics and early implementation experiences of community behavioral health agencies that received Primary and Behavioral Health Care Integration (PBHCI) grants from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration to integrate primary care into programs for adults with serious mental illness. METHODS Data were collected from 56 programs, across 26 states, that received PBHCI grants in 2009 (N=13) or 2010 (N=43). The authors systematically extracted quantitative and qualitative information about program characteristics from grantee proposals and semistructured telephone interviews with core program staff. Quarterly reports submitted by grantees were coded to identify barriers to implementing integrated care. RESULTS Grantees shared core features required by the grant but varied widely in terms of characteristics of the organization, such as size and location, and in the way services were integrated, such as through partnerships with a primary care agency. Barriers to program implementation at start-up included difficulty recruiting and retaining qualified staff and issues related to data collection and use of electronic health records, licensing and approvals, and physical space. By the end of the first year, some problems, such as space issues, were largely resolved, but other issues, including problems with staffing and data collection, remained. New challenges, such as patient recruitment, had emerged. CONCLUSIONS Early implementation experiences of PBHCI grantees may inform other programs that seek to integrate primary care into behavioral health settings as part of new, large-scale government initiatives, such as specialty mental health homes.
Topic(s):
Education & Workforce
See topic collection
, HIT & Telehealth
See topic collection
Reference Links:
View the DOI record for Integrating Primary Care Into Community Behavioral Health Settings: Programs and Early Implementation Experiences
View DOI Record
View the PubMed citation for Integrating Primary Care Into Community Behavioral Health Settings: Programs and Early Implementation Experiences5534
Integrating Primary Care Into Community Mental Health Centers: Impact on Utilization and Costs of Health Care
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2016
Publication Place: United States
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This evaluation was designed to assess the impact of providing integrated primary and mental health care on utilization and costs for outpatient medical, inpatient hospital, and emergency department treatment among persons with serious mental illness. METHODS: Two safety-net, community mental health centers that received a Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Primary and Behavioral Health Care Integration (PBHCI) grant were the focus of this study. Clinic 1 had a ten-year history of providing integrated services whereas clinic 2 began integrated services with the PBHCI grant. Difference-in-differences (DID) analyses were used to compare individuals enrolled in the PBHCI programs (N=373, clinic 1; N=389, clinic 2) with propensity score-matched comparison groups of equal size at each site by using data obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Relative to the comparison groups, a higher proportion of PBHCI clients used outpatient medical services at both sites following program enrollment (p<.003, clinic 1; p<.001, clinic 2). At clinic 1, PBHCI was also associated with a reduction in the proportion of clients with an inpatient hospital admission (p=.04) and a trend for a reduction in inpatient hospital costs per member per month of $217.68 (p=.06). Hospital-related cost savings were not observed for PBHCI clients at clinic 2 nor were there significant differences between emergency department use or costs for PBHCI and comparison groups at either clinic. CONCLUSIONS: Investments in PBHCI can improve access to outpatient medical care for persons with severe mental illness and may also curb hospitalizations and associated costs in more established programs.
Topic(s):
Financing & Sustainability
See topic collection
Reference Links:
View the DOI record for Integrating Primary Care Into Community Mental Health Centers: Impact on Utilization and Costs of Health Care
View DOI Record
View the PubMed citation for Integrating Primary Care Into Community Mental Health Centers: Impact on Utilization and Costs of Health Care5535
Integrating Primary Care Into Community Mental Health Centres in Texas, USA: Results of a Case Study Investigation
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2019
Publication Place: England
Topic(s):
Education & Workforce
See topic collection
, Healthcare Disparities
See topic collection
Reference Links:
View the DOI record for Integrating Primary Care Into Community Mental Health Centres in Texas, USA: Results of a Case Study Investigation
View DOI Record
View the PubMed citation for Integrating Primary Care Into Community Mental Health Centres in Texas, USA: Results of a Case Study Investigation5537
Integrating primary medical care with addiction treatment: A randomized controlled trial
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2001
Publication Place: United States
Abstract: CONTEXT: The prevalence of medical disorders is high among substance abuse patients, yet medical services are seldom provided in coordination with substance abuse treatment. OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in treatment outcomes and costs between integrated and independent models of medical and substance abuse care as well as the effect of integrated care in a subgroup of patients with substance abuse-related medical conditions (SAMCs). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial conducted between April 1997 and December 1998. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Adult men and women (n = 592) who were admitted to a large health maintenance organization chemical dependency program in Sacramento, Calif. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment through an integrated model, in which primary health care was included within the addiction treatment program (n = 285), or an independent treatment-as-usual model, in which primary care and substance abuse treatment were provided separately (n = 307). Both programs were group based and lasted 8 weeks, with 10 months of aftercare available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Abstinence outcomes, treatment utilization, and costs 6 months after randomization. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvement on all drug and alcohol measures. Overall, there were no differences in total abstinence rates between the integrated care and independent care groups (68% vs 63%, P =.18). For patients without SAMCs, there were also no differences in abstinence rates (integrated care, 66% vs independent care, 73%; P =.23) and there was a slight but nonsignificant trend of higher costs for the integrated care group ($367.96 vs $324.09, P =.19). However, patients with SAMCs (n = 341) were more likely to be abstinent in the integrated care group than the independent care group (69% vs 55%, P =.006; odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-2.97). This was true for both those with medical (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.68-6.80) and psychiatric (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.04-4.25) SAMCs. Patients with SAMCs had a slight but nonsignificant trend of higher costs in the integrated care group ($470.81 vs $427.95, P =.14). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per additional abstinent patient with an SAMC in the integrated care group was $1581. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with SAMCs benefit from integrated medical and substance abuse treatment, and such an approach can be cost-effective. These findings are relevant given the high prevalence and cost of medical conditions among substance abuse patients, new developments in medications for addiction, and recent legislation on parity of substance abuse with other medical benefits.
Topic(s):
Financing & Sustainability
See topic collection
Reference Links: View the PubMed citation for Integrating primary medical care with addiction treatment: A randomized controlled trial
5538
Integrating primary mental health care and mental health promotion
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2016
Publication Place: England
Topic(s):
General Literature
See topic collection
Reference Links:
View the DOI record for Integrating primary mental health care and mental health promotion
View DOI Record
View the PubMed citation for Integrating primary mental health care and mental health promotion5540
Integrating Project ASSERT: a screening, intervention, and referral to treatment program for unhealthy alcohol and drug use into an urban emergency department
Type: Journal Article
Year: 2010
Publication Place: United States
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the effects of Project Alcohol and Substance Abuse Services Education and Referral to Treatment (ASSERT), an emergency department (ED)-based screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment program for unhealthy alcohol and other drug use. METHODS: Health promotion advocates (HPAs) screened ED patients for alcohol and/or drug problems 7 days a week using questions embedded in a general health questionnaire. Patients with unhealthy drinking and/or drug use received a brief negotiation interview (BNI), with the goal of reducing alcohol/drug use and/or accepting a referral to a specialized treatment facility (STF), depending on severity of use. Patients referred to an STF were followed up at 1 month by phone or contact with the STF to determine referral completion and enrollment into the treatment program. RESULTS: Over a 5-year period (December 1999 through December 2004), 22,534 adult ED patients were screened. A total of 10,246 (45.5%) reported alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, of whom 5,533 (54%) exceeded the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) guidelines for low-risk drinking. Use of at least one illicit drug was reported by 3,530 patients (15.7%). Over one-fourth of screened patients received BNIs (6,266, or 27.8%). Of these, 3,968 (63%) were referred to an STF. Eighty-three percent of patients were followed at 1 month, and 2,159 (65%) had enrolled in a program. Patients who received a direct admission to an STF were 30 times more likely to enroll than those who were indirectly referred (odds ratio = 30.71; 95% confidence interval = 18.48 to 51.04). After 3 years, funding for Project ASSERT was fully incorporated into the ED budget. CONCLUSIONS: Project ASSERT has been successfully integrated into an urban ED. A direct, facilitated referral for patients with alcohol and other drug problems results in a high rate of enrollment in treatment programs.
Topic(s):
General Literature
See topic collection