TY - JOUR
KW - Absenteeism
KW - Adult
KW - Comorbidity
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data
KW - Female
KW - Follow-Up Studies
KW - Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data
KW - Health Resources/economics/utilization
KW - Health Services Misuse/economics
KW - Health Surveys
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Mental Disorders/economics
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Netherlands
KW - Neurotic Disorders/economics/epidemiology
KW - Primary Health Care/economics
KW - Social Work/economics
KW - Somatoform Disorders/economics/epidemiology
KW - Substance-Related Disorders/economics/epidemiology
AU - P. Cuijpers
AU - F. Smit
AU - B. W. Penninx
AU - R. de Graaf
AU - ten Have
AU - A. T. Beekman
A1 - 
AB - CONTEXT: The importance of neuroticism for mental health care use and public health is well established. However, most research has focused on the association between neuroticism and a single specific disorder or health outcome, and the overall effect of neuroticism on use of somatic and mental health care and on society is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the economic costs of neuroticism to get an impression of the overall effect of neuroticism on mental health care and on society in general. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING: General population. PARTICIPANTS: A large representative sample (N = 5504) of the Dutch general population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The costs (health service uptake in primary and secondary mental health care, out-of-pocket costs, and production losses) associated with neuroticism. RESULTS: The total per capita excess costs were $12 362 per year for the reference year 2007 in the 5% highest scorers of neuroticism, $8243 in the 10% highest scorers, and $5572 in the 25% highest scorers. The per capita excess costs of neuroticism are considerably higher than those of mental disorders. The total excess costs of neuroticism per 1 million inhabitants resulting from the 25% highest scorers ($1.393 billion) were approximately 2.5 times as high as the excess costs of common mental disorders ($585 million). CONCLUSIONS: The economic costs of neuroticism are enormous and exceed those of common mental disorders. We should start thinking about interventions that focus not on each of the specific negative outcomes of neuroticism but rather on the starting point itself.
BT - Archives of General Psychiatry
C5 - Financing & Sustainability; Medically Unexplained Symptoms
CP - 10
CY - United States
DO - 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.130
IS - 10
JF - Archives of General Psychiatry
N2 - CONTEXT: The importance of neuroticism for mental health care use and public health is well established. However, most research has focused on the association between neuroticism and a single specific disorder or health outcome, and the overall effect of neuroticism on use of somatic and mental health care and on society is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the economic costs of neuroticism to get an impression of the overall effect of neuroticism on mental health care and on society in general. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING: General population. PARTICIPANTS: A large representative sample (N = 5504) of the Dutch general population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The costs (health service uptake in primary and secondary mental health care, out-of-pocket costs, and production losses) associated with neuroticism. RESULTS: The total per capita excess costs were $12 362 per year for the reference year 2007 in the 5% highest scorers of neuroticism, $8243 in the 10% highest scorers, and $5572 in the 25% highest scorers. The per capita excess costs of neuroticism are considerably higher than those of mental disorders. The total excess costs of neuroticism per 1 million inhabitants resulting from the 25% highest scorers ($1.393 billion) were approximately 2.5 times as high as the excess costs of common mental disorders ($585 million). CONCLUSIONS: The economic costs of neuroticism are enormous and exceed those of common mental disorders. We should start thinking about interventions that focus not on each of the specific negative outcomes of neuroticism but rather on the starting point itself.
PP - United States
PY - 2010
SN - 1538-3636; 0003-990X
SP - 1086
EP - 1093
EP - 
T1 - Economic costs of neuroticism: A population-based study
T2 - Archives of General Psychiatry
TI - Economic costs of neuroticism: A population-based study
U1 - Financing & Sustainability; Medically Unexplained Symptoms
U2 - 20921124
U3 - 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.130
VL - 67
VO - 1538-3636; 0003-990X
Y1 - 2010
ER -