TY - JOUR
KW - Clinical Competence
KW - Diagnosis, Differential
KW - Drug Overdose/diagnosis/drug therapy
KW - Emergency Treatment/methods/standards
KW - Female
KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Multivariate Analysis
KW - Naloxone/supply & distribution/therapeutic use
KW - Narcotic Antagonists/supply & distribution/therapeutic use
KW - Opioid-Related Disorders/diagnosis/drug therapy
KW - Program Evaluation
AU - T. C. Green
AU - R. Heimer
AU - L. E. Grau
A1 - 
AB - AIMS: This study assessed overdose and naloxone administration knowledge among current or former opioid abusers trained and untrained in overdose-response in the United States. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Ten individuals, divided equally between those trained or not trained in overdose recognition and response, were recruited from each of six sites (n = 62). SETTING: US-based overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in Baltimore, San Francisco, Chicago, New York and New Mexico. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed a brief questionnaire on overdose knowledge that included the task of rating 16 putative overdose scenarios for: (i) whether an overdose was occurring and (ii) if naloxone was indicated. Bivariate and multivariable analyses compared results for those trained to untrained. Responses were also compared to those of 11 medical experts using weighted and unweighted kappa statistics. FINDINGS: Respondents were primarily male (72.6%); 45.8% had experienced an overdose and 72% had ever witnessed an overdose. Trained participants recognized more opioid overdose scenarios accurately (t(60) = 3.76, P < 0.001) and instances where naloxone was indicated (t(59) = 2.2, P < 0.05) than did untrained participants. Receipt of training and higher perceived competency in recognizing signs of an opioid overdose were associated independently with higher overdose recognition scores. Trained respondents were as skilled as medical experts in recognizing opioid overdose situations (weighted kappa = 0.85) and when naloxone was indicated (kappa = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that naloxone training programs in the United States improve participants' ability to recognize and respond to opioid overdoses in the community. Drug users with overdose training and confidence in their abilities to respond may effectively prevent overdose mortality.
BT - Addiction (Abingdon, England)
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use
CP - 6
CY - England
DO - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02182.x
IS - 6
JF - Addiction (Abingdon, England)
N2 - AIMS: This study assessed overdose and naloxone administration knowledge among current or former opioid abusers trained and untrained in overdose-response in the United States. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Ten individuals, divided equally between those trained or not trained in overdose recognition and response, were recruited from each of six sites (n = 62). SETTING: US-based overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in Baltimore, San Francisco, Chicago, New York and New Mexico. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed a brief questionnaire on overdose knowledge that included the task of rating 16 putative overdose scenarios for: (i) whether an overdose was occurring and (ii) if naloxone was indicated. Bivariate and multivariable analyses compared results for those trained to untrained. Responses were also compared to those of 11 medical experts using weighted and unweighted kappa statistics. FINDINGS: Respondents were primarily male (72.6%); 45.8% had experienced an overdose and 72% had ever witnessed an overdose. Trained participants recognized more opioid overdose scenarios accurately (t(60) = 3.76, P < 0.001) and instances where naloxone was indicated (t(59) = 2.2, P < 0.05) than did untrained participants. Receipt of training and higher perceived competency in recognizing signs of an opioid overdose were associated independently with higher overdose recognition scores. Trained respondents were as skilled as medical experts in recognizing opioid overdose situations (weighted kappa = 0.85) and when naloxone was indicated (kappa = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that naloxone training programs in the United States improve participants' ability to recognize and respond to opioid overdoses in the community. Drug users with overdose training and confidence in their abilities to respond may effectively prevent overdose mortality.
PP - England
PY - 2008
SN - 0965-2140; 0965-2140
SP - 979
EP - 989
EP - 
T1 - Distinguishing signs of opioid overdose and indication for naloxone: an evaluation of six overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in the United States
T2 - Addiction (Abingdon, England)
TI - Distinguishing signs of opioid overdose and indication for naloxone: an evaluation of six overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in the United States
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 18422830
U3 - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02182.x
VL - 103
VO - 0965-2140; 0965-2140
Y1 - 2008
ER -