TY - JOUR
AU - C. Liu
AU - S. Wu
AU - J. Li
AU - J. Gu
A1 - 
AB - BACKGROUND: While the associations between coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression are well-documented, their synergistic interplay requires quantification in large, representative populations. Operating within a cross-sectional framework, this study’s objective was to investigate the associations of CHD and depression with current health status and to explore their interaction using a nationally representative U.S. sample. METHODS: This study utilized data from 172,741 participants in the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). CHD and depression were based on self-reported history. Outcomes were frequent physical and mental distress (≥ 14 unhealthy days in the past 30 days). We used multivariable logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for confounding and estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). An exploratory analysis assessed the extent to which the association between CHD and health status was statistically explained by depression, and additive interaction was also examined. RESULTS: After IPTW adjustment, CHD was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of both frequent physical distress (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.35–1.60) and frequent mental distress (aOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 2.44–2.75). Depression statistically explained 2.19% of the association between CHD and poor physical health and 21.69% of the association with poor mental health. A significant positive additive interaction was found between CHD and depression. The synergy index indicated that their combined association with poor physical health was 1.26 times greater, and with poor mental health was 1.40 times greater, than the sum of their individual associations. CONCLUSION: In a large U.S. adult sample, CHD and depression are independently and synergistically associated with poorer physical and mental health. These findings underscore the importance of integrated care models that address both conditions to improve patient well-being. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-026-26334-3.
AD - Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. jianhuagu@yeah.net.; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China. jianhuagu@yeah.net.; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China. jianhuagu@yeah.net.
AN - 41566466
BT - BMC Public Health
C5 - Healthcare Disparities
CP - 1
DA - Jan 21
DO - 10.1186/s12889-026-26334-3
DP - NLM
ET - 20260121
IS - 1
JF - BMC Public Health
LA - eng
N2 - BACKGROUND: While the associations between coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression are well-documented, their synergistic interplay requires quantification in large, representative populations. Operating within a cross-sectional framework, this study’s objective was to investigate the associations of CHD and depression with current health status and to explore their interaction using a nationally representative U.S. sample. METHODS: This study utilized data from 172,741 participants in the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). CHD and depression were based on self-reported history. Outcomes were frequent physical and mental distress (≥ 14 unhealthy days in the past 30 days). We used multivariable logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for confounding and estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). An exploratory analysis assessed the extent to which the association between CHD and health status was statistically explained by depression, and additive interaction was also examined. RESULTS: After IPTW adjustment, CHD was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of both frequent physical distress (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.35–1.60) and frequent mental distress (aOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 2.44–2.75). Depression statistically explained 2.19% of the association between CHD and poor physical health and 21.69% of the association with poor mental health. A significant positive additive interaction was found between CHD and depression. The synergy index indicated that their combined association with poor physical health was 1.26 times greater, and with poor mental health was 1.40 times greater, than the sum of their individual associations. CONCLUSION: In a large U.S. adult sample, CHD and depression are independently and synergistically associated with poorer physical and mental health. These findings underscore the importance of integrated care models that address both conditions to improve patient well-being. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-026-26334-3.
PY - 2026
SN - 1471-2458
SP - 602
ST - Interplay between coronary heart disease and depression: associations with mental and physical health
T1 - Interplay between coronary heart disease and depression: associations with mental and physical health
T2 - BMC Public Health
TI - Interplay between coronary heart disease and depression: associations with mental and physical health
U1 - Healthcare Disparities
U3 - 10.1186/s12889-026-26334-3
VL - 26
VO - 1471-2458
Y1 - 2026
ER -