TY - JOUR
AU - E. Owen-Boukra
AU - Z. Cai
AU - C. Duddy
AU - N. Fudge
AU - J. Hamer-Hunt
AU - F. Husson
AU - K. R. Mahtani
AU - M. Ogden
AU - D. Swinglehurst
AU - M. Turner
AU - C. Whittlesea
AU - G. Wong
AU - S. Park
A1 - 
AB - OBJECTIVES: Collaborative and integrated (C + I) working between general practice and community pharmacies has the potential to increase accessibility to services, improve service efficiency and quality of care, and reduce health care expenditures. Many existing studies report challenges and complexities inherent in establishing effective C + I ways of working. The aim of our review is to understand how, when and why working arrangements between General Practitioners (GP) and Community Pharmacists (CP) can provide the conditions necessary for effective communication, decision-making, and C + I working. METHODS: We conducted a realist review to explore the key contextual factors and mechanisms through which GP-CP C + I working may be achieved. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, Web of Science, IBSS, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database and the King's Fund Library Database were searched for articles and grey literature published between January 2000 and April 2022. RESULTS: A total of 136 documents were included in the final synthesis. Our findings highlight the importance of mutually beneficial remuneration models to support effective integration of services; supportive organisational cultures and values; flexible and agile IT systems/technologies; adequate physical infrastructure and space design to support multidisciplinary teamworking; the importance of establishing patient's trust in collaborative processes between GP-CP; and the need to acknowledge, support and utilise effective triadic relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Our research generates new insights regarding how, why and in which contexts C + I working can be achieved between GPs and CPs. The findings of our review can be used to inform future policy, research and clinical practice guidelines for designing and delivering C + I care.
AD - NIHR SPCR Research Fellow, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.; NIHR SPCR Intern, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK. RINGGOLD: 4919; Pre-Doctoral Fellow, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; THIS Institute Research Fellow and Lecturer, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. RINGGOLD: 4617; PPI Co-applicant, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK. RINGGOLD: 4919; GP and Professor of Evidence Based Healthcare, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. RINGGOLD: 6396; GP and Professor of Primary Care, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. RINGGOLD: 4617; Professor of Pharmacy Practice and Director, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK. RINGGOLD: 4919; GP and Associate Professor of Primary Care, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. RINGGOLD: 6396; GP and Professor of Primary Care and Clinical Education, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. RINGGOLD: 6396; Honorary Professor of Primary Care and Medical Education, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
AN - 39444067
BT - J Health Serv Res Policy
C5 - Education & Workforce
CP - 2
DA - Apr
DO - 10.1177/13558196241290923
DP - NLM
ET - 20241023
IS - 2
JF - J Health Serv Res Policy
LA - eng
N2 - OBJECTIVES: Collaborative and integrated (C + I) working between general practice and community pharmacies has the potential to increase accessibility to services, improve service efficiency and quality of care, and reduce health care expenditures. Many existing studies report challenges and complexities inherent in establishing effective C + I ways of working. The aim of our review is to understand how, when and why working arrangements between General Practitioners (GP) and Community Pharmacists (CP) can provide the conditions necessary for effective communication, decision-making, and C + I working. METHODS: We conducted a realist review to explore the key contextual factors and mechanisms through which GP-CP C + I working may be achieved. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, Web of Science, IBSS, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database and the King's Fund Library Database were searched for articles and grey literature published between January 2000 and April 2022. RESULTS: A total of 136 documents were included in the final synthesis. Our findings highlight the importance of mutually beneficial remuneration models to support effective integration of services; supportive organisational cultures and values; flexible and agile IT systems/technologies; adequate physical infrastructure and space design to support multidisciplinary teamworking; the importance of establishing patient's trust in collaborative processes between GP-CP; and the need to acknowledge, support and utilise effective triadic relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Our research generates new insights regarding how, why and in which contexts C + I working can be achieved between GPs and CPs. The findings of our review can be used to inform future policy, research and clinical practice guidelines for designing and delivering C + I care.
PY - 2025
SN - 1355-8196 (Print); 1355-8196
SP - 136
EP - 148+
ST - Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts
T1 - Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts
T2 - J Health Serv Res Policy
TI - Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts
U1 - Education & Workforce
U3 - 10.1177/13558196241290923
VL - 30
VO - 1355-8196 (Print); 1355-8196
Y1 - 2025
ER -