TY - JOUR
KW - Feasibility Studies
KW - Humans
KW - Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
KW - Outpatients
KW - Smoking Cessation/methods
KW - Treatment Outcome
KW - Varenicline/therapeutic use
KW - Cigarette
KW - Opioid use disorder (OUD)
KW - Smoking Cessation
KW - Timing
KW - Varenicline
AU - N. J. Felicione
AU - J. E. Ozga
AU - G. Dino
AU - J. H. Berry
AU - C. R. Sullivan
AU - M. D. Blank
A1 - 
AB - INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking rates among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) are notoriously high and may be improved by considering the timing of treatment integration for these two substances. The current study examined the feasibility of a method for assessing the timing of integrating smoking cessation pharmacotherapy within three different phases of outpatient treatment with medication for OUD (MOUD). METHODS: Seventy-four buprenorphine-maintained smokers were enrolled in a quasi-experimental study across three MOUD treatment phases: 0-90 (Phase 1), 91-365 (Phase 2), and > 365 days of MOUD treatment (Phase 3). During a 12-week varenicline-based intervention, the study assessed outcomes daily via text messages (cigarette smoking, varenicline adherence, side effects) or monthly at in-person visits (quit motivation and carbon monoxide levels). RESULTS: Thirty-five participants completed the study, with a lower retention rate in Phase 1 (37.5%) relative to Phases 2 (53.5%) or 3 (57.1%). A trend occurred for Phase 1 participants to report aversive side effects (e.g., abnormal dreams, gastrointestinal distress) on more study days. Among completers, adherence to text messaging and varenicline use was high and independent of MOUD treatment phase. Participants in all phases reported declines in cigarette smoking and increases in quit motivation over time; the study observed biochemically verified tobacco abstinence among only a few participants from Phases 2 or 3. CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study demonstrates a method to evaluate the timing of treatment integration for cigarette smoking and MOUD. Method strengths include a study schedule that coincided with the MOUD clinic schedule and use of text messaging to encourage varenicline adherence and evaluate outcomes regularly.
AD - Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America; Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.; Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America; Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.; Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America; West Virginia Prevention Research Center, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.; Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.; Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.; Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America; West Virginia Prevention Research Center, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America. Electronic address: Melissa.Blank@mail.wvu.edu.
BT - Journal of substance abuse treatment
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use
DO - 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108579
JF - Journal of substance abuse treatment
LA - eng
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking rates among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) are notoriously high and may be improved by considering the timing of treatment integration for these two substances. The current study examined the feasibility of a method for assessing the timing of integrating smoking cessation pharmacotherapy within three different phases of outpatient treatment with medication for OUD (MOUD). METHODS: Seventy-four buprenorphine-maintained smokers were enrolled in a quasi-experimental study across three MOUD treatment phases: 0-90 (Phase 1), 91-365 (Phase 2), and > 365 days of MOUD treatment (Phase 3). During a 12-week varenicline-based intervention, the study assessed outcomes daily via text messages (cigarette smoking, varenicline adherence, side effects) or monthly at in-person visits (quit motivation and carbon monoxide levels). RESULTS: Thirty-five participants completed the study, with a lower retention rate in Phase 1 (37.5%) relative to Phases 2 (53.5%) or 3 (57.1%). A trend occurred for Phase 1 participants to report aversive side effects (e.g., abnormal dreams, gastrointestinal distress) on more study days. Among completers, adherence to text messaging and varenicline use was high and independent of MOUD treatment phase. Participants in all phases reported declines in cigarette smoking and increases in quit motivation over time; the study observed biochemically verified tobacco abstinence among only a few participants from Phases 2 or 3. CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study demonstrates a method to evaluate the timing of treatment integration for cigarette smoking and MOUD. Method strengths include a study schedule that coincided with the MOUD clinic schedule and use of text messaging to encourage varenicline adherence and evaluate outcomes regularly.
PY - 2022
SN - 1873-6483; 0740-5472; 0740-5472
SP - 108579
T1 - Timing of smoking cessation treatment integrated into outpatient treatment with medications for opioid use disorder: Feasibility trial
T2 - Journal of substance abuse treatment
TI - Timing of smoking cessation treatment integrated into outpatient treatment with medications for opioid use disorder: Feasibility trial
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 34452780
U3 - 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108579
VL - 132
VO - 1873-6483; 0740-5472; 0740-5472
Y1 - 2022
Y2 - Jan
ER -