TY - JOUR
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Age Factors
KW - Drug Overdose/epidemiology
KW - Humans
KW - Prevalence
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications/epidemiology
KW - Substance-Related Disorders/complications/epidemiology
KW - Young Adult
KW - Overdose
KW - Substance use disorder
KW - Young people
AU - R. M. Lyons
AU - A. M. Yule
AU - D. Schiff
AU - S. M. Bagley
AU - T. E. Wilens
A1 - 
AB - Objectives: Drug overdose (OD) deaths have been increasing over the past 20 years. Although risk factors for drug OD have been identified in adult populations, less is known about risk factors for OD in young people. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the literature to identify risk factors for drug OD specific to young people, including adolescents and young adults. Methods: Our initial PubMed search identified 4001 articles. Included were cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies published in English that compared young people who experienced a drug OD to those who did not. Review articles, meta-analyses, case-reports, editorials, epidemiological studies, and qualitative studies were excluded. Two investigators reviewed the full texts of all relevant articles and extracted data on sample demographics, prevalence of OD, and correlates associated with OD. Results: Twelve relevant studies were identified reflective of a sample of 5020 unique individuals with an age range of 14-30 years, and a mean age range of 20.2-26 years. The lifetime prevalence of OD in these young people ranged from 24% to 48%. Substance use characteristics most often associated with OD included injection drug, opioid, and tranquilizer use. Polysubstance use was also found to be strongly associated with OD in three studies. Other replicated risk factors for OD in young people included histories of psychopathology, incarceration, unstable housing, and witnessing an OD. Conclusion: Opioid, tranquilizer, and injection drug use have been identified as risk factors for OD in both younger and older adult populations. Risk factors that emerged as noteworthy predictors of OD in young people specifically include polysubstance use, psychiatric comorbidity, unstable housing, and witnessing an OD. There remains a paucity of literature on drug OD risk factors in young people, with little information regarding medical and treatment history risk factors.
AD - Pediatric Psychopharmacology Program, Division of Child Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Pediatric Psychopharmacology Program, Division of Child Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Addiction Recovery Management Service (ARMS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.; Pediatric Psychopharmacology Program, Division of Child Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Addiction Recovery Management Service (ARMS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
BT - Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
C5 - Healthcare Disparities; Opioids & Substance Use
CP - 7
DO - 10.1089/cap.2019.0013
IS - 7
JF - Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
LA - eng
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - Objectives: Drug overdose (OD) deaths have been increasing over the past 20 years. Although risk factors for drug OD have been identified in adult populations, less is known about risk factors for OD in young people. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the literature to identify risk factors for drug OD specific to young people, including adolescents and young adults. Methods: Our initial PubMed search identified 4001 articles. Included were cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies published in English that compared young people who experienced a drug OD to those who did not. Review articles, meta-analyses, case-reports, editorials, epidemiological studies, and qualitative studies were excluded. Two investigators reviewed the full texts of all relevant articles and extracted data on sample demographics, prevalence of OD, and correlates associated with OD. Results: Twelve relevant studies were identified reflective of a sample of 5020 unique individuals with an age range of 14-30 years, and a mean age range of 20.2-26 years. The lifetime prevalence of OD in these young people ranged from 24% to 48%. Substance use characteristics most often associated with OD included injection drug, opioid, and tranquilizer use. Polysubstance use was also found to be strongly associated with OD in three studies. Other replicated risk factors for OD in young people included histories of psychopathology, incarceration, unstable housing, and witnessing an OD. Conclusion: Opioid, tranquilizer, and injection drug use have been identified as risk factors for OD in both younger and older adult populations. Risk factors that emerged as noteworthy predictors of OD in young people specifically include polysubstance use, psychiatric comorbidity, unstable housing, and witnessing an OD. There remains a paucity of literature on drug OD risk factors in young people, with little information regarding medical and treatment history risk factors.
PY - 2019
SN - 1557-8992; 1044-5463; 1044-5463
SP - 487
EP - 497
EP - 
T1 - Risk Factors for Drug Overdose in Young People: A Systematic Review of the Literature
T2 - Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
TI - Risk Factors for Drug Overdose in Young People: A Systematic Review of the Literature
U1 - Healthcare Disparities; Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 31246496
U3 - 10.1089/cap.2019.0013
VL - 29
VO - 1557-8992; 1044-5463; 1044-5463
Y1 - 2019
Y2 - Aug
ER -