TY - JOUR
KW - Analgesics, Opioid/poisoning
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Drug Overdose/drug therapy/mortality
KW - Health Services Accessibility/legislation & jurisprudence/trends
KW - Humans
KW - Naloxone/supply & distribution/therapeutic use
KW - Narcotic Antagonists/supply & distribution/therapeutic use
KW - Retrospective Studies
KW - State Government
KW - United States
AU - H. S. You
AU - J. Ha
AU - C . Y. Kang
AU - L. Kim
AU - J. Kim
AU - J. J. Shen
AU - S. M. Park
AU - S . Y. Chun
AU - J. Hwang
AU - T. Yamashita
AU - S. W. Lee
AU - G. Dounis
AU - Y. J. Lee
AU - D. H. Han
AU - D. Byun
AU - J. W. Yoo
AU - H. T. Kang
A1 - 
AB - Though overall death from opioid overdose are increasing in the United States, the death rate in some states and population groups is stabilizing or even decreasing. Several states have enacted a Naloxone Accessibility Laws to increase naloxone availability as an opioid antidote. The extent to which these laws permit layperson distribution and possession varies. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in provisions of Naloxone Accessibility Laws by states mainly in the Northeast and West regions, and the impact of naloxone availability on the rates of drug overdose deaths.This cross-sectional study was based on the National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death mortality files. The average changes in drug overdose death rates between 2013 and 2017 in relevant states of the Northeast and West regions were compared according to availability of naloxone to laypersons.Seven states in the Northeast region and 10 states in the Western region allowed layperson distribution of naloxone. Layperson possession of naloxone was allowed in 3 states each in the Northeast and the Western regions. The average drug overdose death rates increased in many states in the both regions regardless of legalization of layperson naloxone distribution. The average death rates of 3 states that legalized layperson possession in the West region decreased (-0.33 per 100,000 person); however, in states in the West region that did not allow layperson possession and states in the Northeast region regardless of layperson possession increased between 2013 and 2017.The provision to legalize layperson possession of naloxone was associated with decreased average opioid overdose death rates in 3 states of the West region.
AD - Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk.; Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; School of Medicine.; School of Medicine.; School of Medicine.; Department of Health Care Administration and Policy, School of Public Health.; Department of Criminal Justice, Greenspun College of Urban Affairs, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Nevada.; School of Medicine.; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine.; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Health Administration and Policy, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mountain View Hospital.; School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.; Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine.; Department of Health Care Administration and Policy, School of Public Health.; Deparment of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Medicine, Southern Nevada Veterans Affairs Health System, North Las Vegas, Nevada.; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, 1701 W. Charleston Blvd Ste 230, Las Vegas, NV.; Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk.; Department of Health Care Administration and Policy, School of Public Health.; Department of Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea.
BT - Medicine
C5 - Healthcare Disparities; Healthcare Policy; Opioids & Substance Use
CP - 22
CY - United States
DO - 10.1097/MD.0000000000020033
IS - 22
JF - Medicine
LA - eng
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - Though overall death from opioid overdose are increasing in the United States, the death rate in some states and population groups is stabilizing or even decreasing. Several states have enacted a Naloxone Accessibility Laws to increase naloxone availability as an opioid antidote. The extent to which these laws permit layperson distribution and possession varies. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in provisions of Naloxone Accessibility Laws by states mainly in the Northeast and West regions, and the impact of naloxone availability on the rates of drug overdose deaths.This cross-sectional study was based on the National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death mortality files. The average changes in drug overdose death rates between 2013 and 2017 in relevant states of the Northeast and West regions were compared according to availability of naloxone to laypersons.Seven states in the Northeast region and 10 states in the Western region allowed layperson distribution of naloxone. Layperson possession of naloxone was allowed in 3 states each in the Northeast and the Western regions. The average drug overdose death rates increased in many states in the both regions regardless of legalization of layperson naloxone distribution. The average death rates of 3 states that legalized layperson possession in the West region decreased (-0.33 per 100,000 person); however, in states in the West region that did not allow layperson possession and states in the Northeast region regardless of layperson possession increased between 2013 and 2017.The provision to legalize layperson possession of naloxone was associated with decreased average opioid overdose death rates in 3 states of the West region.
PP - United States
PY - 2020
SN - 1536-5964; 0025-7974
T1 - Regional variation in states' naloxone accessibility laws in association with opioid overdose death rates-Observational study (STROBE compliant)
T2 - Medicine
TI - Regional variation in states' naloxone accessibility laws in association with opioid overdose death rates-Observational study (STROBE compliant)
U1 - Healthcare Disparities; Healthcare Policy; Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 32481373
U3 - 10.1097/MD.0000000000020033
VL - 99
VO - 1536-5964; 0025-7974
Y1 - 2020
Y2 - May 29
ER -