TY - JOUR
KW - Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
KW - Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
KW - Central Nervous System Agents/therapeutic use
KW - Cocaine/adverse effects
KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders/drug therapy/epidemiology/psychology
KW - Drug Therapy
KW - Humans
KW - cocaine
KW - pharmacotherapy
KW - substance use
KW - Systematic Review
AU - B. Chan
AU - K. Kondo
AU - M. Freeman
AU - C. Ayers
AU - J. Montgomery
AU - D. Kansagara
A1 - 
AB - BACKGROUND: Currently, there are no accepted FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for cocaine use disorder, though numerous medications have been tested in clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to better understand the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for cocaine use disorder. METHODS: We searched multiple data sources (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library) through November 2017 for systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological interventions in adults with cocaine use disorder. When possible, we combined the findings of trials with comparable interventions and outcome measures in random-effects meta-analyses. We assessed the risk of bias of individual trials and the strength of evidence for each outcome using standardized criteria. Outcomes included continuous abstinence (3+ consecutive weeks); cocaine use; harms; and study retention. For relapse prevention studies (participants abstinent at baseline), we examined lapse (first cocaine positive or missing UDS) and relapse (two consecutive cocaine positive or missed UDS'). RESULTS: Sixty-six different drugs or drug combinations were studied in seven systematic reviews and 48 RCTs that met inclusion criteria. Antidepressants were the most widely studied drug class (38 RCTs) but appear to have no effect on cocaine use or treatment retention. Increased abstinence was found with bupropion (2 RCTs: RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.59), topiramate (2 RCTs: RR 2.56, 95% CI 1.39 to 4.73), and psychostimulants (14 RCTs: RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.77), though the strength of evidence for these findings was low. We found moderate strength of evidence that antipsychotics improved treatment retention (8 RCTs: RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.75). DISCUSSION: Most of the pharmacotherapies studied were not effective for treating cocaine use disorder. Bupropion, psychostimulants, and topiramate may improve abstinence, and antipsychotics may improve retention. Contingency management and behavioral interventions along with pharmacotherapy should continue to be explored. SR REGISTRATION: Prospero CRD42018085667.
AD - Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road L475, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA. chanbri@ohsu.edu.; Central City Concern, Portland, OR, USA. chanbri@ohsu.edu.; Evidence Synthesis Program Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.; Research Integrity Office, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.; Evidence Synthesis Program Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.; Evidence Synthesis Program Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.; Evidence Synthesis Program Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road L475, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.; Evidence Synthesis Program Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.; Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
BT - Journal of general internal medicine
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use
CP - 12
DO - 10.1007/s11606-019-05074-8
IS - 12
JF - Journal of general internal medicine
LA - eng
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - BACKGROUND: Currently, there are no accepted FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for cocaine use disorder, though numerous medications have been tested in clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to better understand the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for cocaine use disorder. METHODS: We searched multiple data sources (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library) through November 2017 for systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological interventions in adults with cocaine use disorder. When possible, we combined the findings of trials with comparable interventions and outcome measures in random-effects meta-analyses. We assessed the risk of bias of individual trials and the strength of evidence for each outcome using standardized criteria. Outcomes included continuous abstinence (3+ consecutive weeks); cocaine use; harms; and study retention. For relapse prevention studies (participants abstinent at baseline), we examined lapse (first cocaine positive or missing UDS) and relapse (two consecutive cocaine positive or missed UDS'). RESULTS: Sixty-six different drugs or drug combinations were studied in seven systematic reviews and 48 RCTs that met inclusion criteria. Antidepressants were the most widely studied drug class (38 RCTs) but appear to have no effect on cocaine use or treatment retention. Increased abstinence was found with bupropion (2 RCTs: RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.59), topiramate (2 RCTs: RR 2.56, 95% CI 1.39 to 4.73), and psychostimulants (14 RCTs: RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.77), though the strength of evidence for these findings was low. We found moderate strength of evidence that antipsychotics improved treatment retention (8 RCTs: RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.75). DISCUSSION: Most of the pharmacotherapies studied were not effective for treating cocaine use disorder. Bupropion, psychostimulants, and topiramate may improve abstinence, and antipsychotics may improve retention. Contingency management and behavioral interventions along with pharmacotherapy should continue to be explored. SR REGISTRATION: Prospero CRD42018085667.
PY - 2019
SN - 1525-1497; 0884-8734; 0884-8734
SP - 2858
EP - 2873
EP - 
T1 - Pharmacotherapy for Cocaine Use Disorder-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
T2 - Journal of general internal medicine
TI - Pharmacotherapy for Cocaine Use Disorder-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 31183685
U3 - 10.1007/s11606-019-05074-8
VL - 34
VO - 1525-1497; 0884-8734; 0884-8734
Y1 - 2019
Y2 - Dec
ER -