TY - JOUR
KW - Alkaloids/adverse effects/pharmacology
KW - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/diagnosis/therapy
KW - Cannabinoids/adverse effects/pharmacology
KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects
KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders/diagnosis/therapy
KW - Counseling/methods
KW - Crack Cocaine/adverse effects/pharmacology
KW - Designer Drugs/adverse effects/pharmacology
KW - Humans
KW - Methamphetamine/adverse effects/pharmacology
KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/adverse effects/pharmacology
KW - Primary Health Care/methods
KW - Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects/pharmacology
AU - A. E. Klega
AU - J. T. Keehbauch
A1 - 
AB - Approximately 10% of the U.S. population 12 years and older reported using illicit substances in 2015. This article reviews the clinical effects and treatment of persons who use cocaine, methamphetamines, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), synthetic cannabinoids, and synthetic cathinones ("bath salts"). Cocaine blocks the reuptake of the monoamine transporters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Immediate clinical effects include increased energy and euphoria, as well as hypertension and arrhythmias. Acute myocardial infarction, seizures, hallucinations, hyperthermia, and movement disorders are among the possible adverse effects. Like cocaine, methamphetamine blocks reuptake of monoamine transporters, but also stimulates dopamine release and has a longer duration of action. Methamphetamine misuse is associated with severe dental problems. MDMA is a stimulant and psychedelic with a chemical structure similar to serotonin. Adverse effects include serotonin syndrome, hyponatremia, long-term memory impairment, and mood disorders. Synthetic cannabinoids can have a more intense and long-lasting effect than natural cannabis. Acute intoxication may cause severe cardiac and respiratory complications and seizures. Synthetic cathinones are marketed as cheap substitutes for other stimulants. Their effects are similar to those of other stimulants, and they are addictive. Psychosocial intervention is the main form of treatment for addiction to these substances. Promising therapies include disulfiram and substitution therapy for cocaine misuse disorders, and mirtazapine for methamphetamine use disorder.
AD - Florida Hospital Family Medicine Residency, Winter Park, FL, USA.; Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
BT - American Family Physician
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use
CP - 2
CY - United States
IS - 2
JF - American Family Physician
LA - eng
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - Approximately 10% of the U.S. population 12 years and older reported using illicit substances in 2015. This article reviews the clinical effects and treatment of persons who use cocaine, methamphetamines, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), synthetic cannabinoids, and synthetic cathinones ("bath salts"). Cocaine blocks the reuptake of the monoamine transporters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Immediate clinical effects include increased energy and euphoria, as well as hypertension and arrhythmias. Acute myocardial infarction, seizures, hallucinations, hyperthermia, and movement disorders are among the possible adverse effects. Like cocaine, methamphetamine blocks reuptake of monoamine transporters, but also stimulates dopamine release and has a longer duration of action. Methamphetamine misuse is associated with severe dental problems. MDMA is a stimulant and psychedelic with a chemical structure similar to serotonin. Adverse effects include serotonin syndrome, hyponatremia, long-term memory impairment, and mood disorders. Synthetic cannabinoids can have a more intense and long-lasting effect than natural cannabis. Acute intoxication may cause severe cardiac and respiratory complications and seizures. Synthetic cathinones are marketed as cheap substitutes for other stimulants. Their effects are similar to those of other stimulants, and they are addictive. Psychosocial intervention is the main form of treatment for addiction to these substances. Promising therapies include disulfiram and substitution therapy for cocaine misuse disorders, and mirtazapine for methamphetamine use disorder.
PP - United States
PY - 2018
SN - 1532-0650; 0002-838X
SP - 85
EP - 92
EP - 
T1 - Stimulant and Designer Drug Use: Primary Care Management
T2 - American Family Physician
TI - Stimulant and Designer Drug Use: Primary Care Management
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 30215997
VL - 98
VO - 1532-0650; 0002-838X
Y1 - 2018
Y2 - Jul 15
ER -