TY - JOUR
KW - Adult
KW - Amphetamines
KW - Analgesics, Opioid
KW - buprenorphine
KW - Drug Users/statistics & numerical data
KW - Female
KW - Heroin
KW - Humans
KW - Kentucky/epidemiology
KW - Male
KW - Mitragyna
KW - Self Medication/statistics & numerical data
KW - Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
KW - Young Adult
KW - kratom
KW - harm-reduction
KW - mitragyna speciosa
KW - Opiates
AU - K. E. Smith
AU - A. M. Bunting
AU - R. Walker
AU - M. T. Hall
AU - O. Grundmann
AU - O. Castillo
A1 - 
AB - In Asia, Mitragyna speciosa (e.g., "kratom") has been used to mitigate alcohol and drug dependence. Some preliminary findings suggest kratom's potential use as an informal harm-reduction method in the United States, such as an opioid substitute or as a means of lessening opioid withdrawal symptoms. To determine correlates of past-year kratom use among a sample of polysubstance users enrolled in residential recovery programs in Kentucky, an anonymous survey was completed by clients in April 2017. Logistic regression was used to identify significant associations with past-year kratom use. Of the final sample (N = 478), 10.4% reported past-year kratom use. Past-year heroin use, but not past-year prescription opioid (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone) use, was significantly associated with kratom use, such that individuals who reported past-year heroin use were 2.5 times more likely to also report past-year kratom use. Non-prescribed buprenorphine (i.e., Suboxone) use partially mediated the relationship between past-year heroin and kratom use by explaining 36% of the association between the two drugs. Though amphetamines were highly preferred, past-year use was negatively correlated with past-year kratom use. Rates of past-year kratom use were lower than rates of alcohol and illicit drug use. Kratom was not preferred over heroin or prescription opioids.
AD - Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.; Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA.; Department of Sociology, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA.; Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA.; Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA.; Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.; University of Miami School of Law, University of Miami , Coral Gables , FL , USA.
BT - Journal of psychoactive drugs
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use; Healthcare Disparities
CP - 4
CY - United States
DO - 10.1080/02791072.2019.1597224
IS - 4
JF - Journal of psychoactive drugs
LA - eng
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - In Asia, Mitragyna speciosa (e.g., "kratom") has been used to mitigate alcohol and drug dependence. Some preliminary findings suggest kratom's potential use as an informal harm-reduction method in the United States, such as an opioid substitute or as a means of lessening opioid withdrawal symptoms. To determine correlates of past-year kratom use among a sample of polysubstance users enrolled in residential recovery programs in Kentucky, an anonymous survey was completed by clients in April 2017. Logistic regression was used to identify significant associations with past-year kratom use. Of the final sample (N = 478), 10.4% reported past-year kratom use. Past-year heroin use, but not past-year prescription opioid (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone) use, was significantly associated with kratom use, such that individuals who reported past-year heroin use were 2.5 times more likely to also report past-year kratom use. Non-prescribed buprenorphine (i.e., Suboxone) use partially mediated the relationship between past-year heroin and kratom use by explaining 36% of the association between the two drugs. Though amphetamines were highly preferred, past-year use was negatively correlated with past-year kratom use. Rates of past-year kratom use were lower than rates of alcohol and illicit drug use. Kratom was not preferred over heroin or prescription opioids.
PP - United States
PY - 2019
SN - 2159-9777; 0279-1072
SP - 311
EP - 322
EP - 
T1 - Non-Prescribed Buprenorphine Use Mediates the Relationship between Heroin Use and Kratom Use among a Sample of Polysubstance Users
T2 - Journal of psychoactive drugs
TI - Non-Prescribed Buprenorphine Use Mediates the Relationship between Heroin Use and Kratom Use among a Sample of Polysubstance Users
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use; Healthcare Disparities
U2 - 30961450
U3 - 10.1080/02791072.2019.1597224
VL - 51
VO - 2159-9777; 0279-1072
Y1 - 2019
Y2 - Sep-Oct
ER -