TY - JOUR
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Age Distribution
KW - Alkaloids
KW - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/epidemiology
KW - Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
KW - Consumer Behavior
KW - Criminal Law/statistics & numerical data
KW - Female
KW - Heroin Dependence/epidemiology
KW - Homeless Persons/statistics & numerical data
KW - Humans
KW - Kentucky/epidemiology
KW - Logistic Models
KW - Male
KW - Marijuana Use/epidemiology
KW - Marital Status/statistics & numerical data
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Motivation
KW - Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology
KW - Prevalence
KW - Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
KW - Synthetic Drugs
KW - Vaping/epidemiology
KW - Young Adult
KW - Cannabinoids
KW - Drug Monitoring
KW - emerging drugs
KW - novel psychoactive substances
KW - synthetic marijuana
AU - K. E. Smith
AU - M. Staton
A1 - 
AB - Background: Over the past decade, availability and use of novel psychoactive substances such as synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) have proliferated globally. However, the prevalence of SCRAs use remains uncertain, as does the degree to which individuals reporting SCRA use prefer SCRA to other drugs. Methods: In April 2017, a total of 500 anonymous surveys were completed by clients enrolled in a residential drug recovery program. Chi-square and t tests were used to examine significant differences between those who had ever used SCRA and those who had not. Logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine which other substances used within the past 12 months were significantly associated with past-12-month SCRA use. Results: About 69% (68.4%) of clients reported lifetime SCRA use. Those reporting SCRA use were predominantly younger ( x¯  = 32.5 vs. 40.7, P < .001), single (60.3% vs. 48.1%, P = .011), and white (87.1% vs. 77.7%, P = .008) and were more likely to have experienced past-12-month homelessness (6.5% vs. 3.2%, P = .004). This group had higher rates of probation/parole involvement (79.2% vs. 61.8%, P < .001) and incarceration (91.8% vs. 79.6%, P < .001). Individuals reporting SCRA use also showed extensive substance use histories and favored heroin, opioids, and amphetamines compared with SCRA. Only 5.2% of the SCRA-using group stated that SCRA was a preferred substance, and only 11.8% reported that they would try SCRA again. E-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.88), traditional cannabis (AOR = 3.87), amphetamines (AOR = 2.20), and synthetic cathinones (AOR = 3.51) were significantly associated with past-12-month SCRA use. Motivations for use included circumnavigating drug screens and peer influence. Approximately half of those who tried SCRA reported adverse effects associated with use. Conclusions: Prevalence of SCRA use among individuals with a history of substance misuse and criminal justice system involvement is high; however, SCRA are not indicated as a preferred drug.
AD - Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.; Center on Drug and Alcohol and Research, University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA.; Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA.; Center on Drug and Alcohol and Research, University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA.
BT - Substance abuse
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use; Healthcare Disparities
CP - 2
CY - United States
DO - 10.1080/08897077.2018.1528495
IS - 2
JF - Substance abuse
LA - eng
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - Background: Over the past decade, availability and use of novel psychoactive substances such as synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) have proliferated globally. However, the prevalence of SCRAs use remains uncertain, as does the degree to which individuals reporting SCRA use prefer SCRA to other drugs. Methods: In April 2017, a total of 500 anonymous surveys were completed by clients enrolled in a residential drug recovery program. Chi-square and t tests were used to examine significant differences between those who had ever used SCRA and those who had not. Logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine which other substances used within the past 12 months were significantly associated with past-12-month SCRA use. Results: About 69% (68.4%) of clients reported lifetime SCRA use. Those reporting SCRA use were predominantly younger ( x¯  = 32.5 vs. 40.7, P < .001), single (60.3% vs. 48.1%, P = .011), and white (87.1% vs. 77.7%, P = .008) and were more likely to have experienced past-12-month homelessness (6.5% vs. 3.2%, P = .004). This group had higher rates of probation/parole involvement (79.2% vs. 61.8%, P < .001) and incarceration (91.8% vs. 79.6%, P < .001). Individuals reporting SCRA use also showed extensive substance use histories and favored heroin, opioids, and amphetamines compared with SCRA. Only 5.2% of the SCRA-using group stated that SCRA was a preferred substance, and only 11.8% reported that they would try SCRA again. E-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.88), traditional cannabis (AOR = 3.87), amphetamines (AOR = 2.20), and synthetic cathinones (AOR = 3.51) were significantly associated with past-12-month SCRA use. Motivations for use included circumnavigating drug screens and peer influence. Approximately half of those who tried SCRA reported adverse effects associated with use. Conclusions: Prevalence of SCRA use among individuals with a history of substance misuse and criminal justice system involvement is high; however, SCRA are not indicated as a preferred drug.
PP - United States
PY - 2019
SN - 1547-0164; 0889-7077
SP - 160
EP - 169
EP - 
T1 - Synthetic cannabinoid use among a sample of individuals enrolled in community-based recovery programs: Are synthetic cannabinoids actually preferred to other drugs?
T2 - Substance abuse
TI - Synthetic cannabinoid use among a sample of individuals enrolled in community-based recovery programs: Are synthetic cannabinoids actually preferred to other drugs?
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use; Healthcare Disparities
U2 - 30457960
U3 - 10.1080/08897077.2018.1528495
VL - 40
VO - 1547-0164; 0889-7077
Y1 - 2019
ER -