TY - JOUR
KW - Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
KW - Buprenorphine/therapeutic use
KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
KW - Humans
KW - Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use
KW - Opioid-Related Disorders/prevention & control
KW - Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
KW - United States
KW - Abuse deterrence
KW - Abuse potential testing
KW - Atypical opioids
KW - Mixed agonist-antagonist
KW - opioid abuse
KW - Opioid agonist
AU - S. L. Walsh
AU - S. Babalonis
A1 - 
AB - While opioids are very effective analgesics for treating acute pain, humans have struggled with opiate addiction for millenia. An opium abuse epidemic in the early 1900's led the US government to develop a systematic research infrastructure and scientific plan to produce new compounds with analgesic properties but without abuse liability. This review describes the techniques that were developed for testing in the human laboratory, including empirically derived outcome measures and required elements for human abuse potential assessment. The evaluation and characterization of semi-synthetic and synthetic opioids, including full mu opioid agonists, partial agonists and mixed agonist-antagonists, are described across several decades of research. Finally, the prescription opioid epidemic beginning in the 1990's in the US led to a resurgence in abuse potential evaluations, and the application of these methods to the study of novel abuse-deterrent formulations is discussed.
AD - Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA. sharon.walsh@uky.edu.; Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
BT - Current topics in behavioral neurosciences
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use
CY - Germany
DO - 10.1007/7854_2016_448
JF - Current topics in behavioral neurosciences
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - While opioids are very effective analgesics for treating acute pain, humans have struggled with opiate addiction for millenia. An opium abuse epidemic in the early 1900's led the US government to develop a systematic research infrastructure and scientific plan to produce new compounds with analgesic properties but without abuse liability. This review describes the techniques that were developed for testing in the human laboratory, including empirically derived outcome measures and required elements for human abuse potential assessment. The evaluation and characterization of semi-synthetic and synthetic opioids, including full mu opioid agonists, partial agonists and mixed agonist-antagonists, are described across several decades of research. Finally, the prescription opioid epidemic beginning in the 1990's in the US led to a resurgence in abuse potential evaluations, and the application of these methods to the study of novel abuse-deterrent formulations is discussed.
PP - Germany
PY - 2017
SN - 1866-3370; 1866-3370
SP - 33
EP - 58
EP - 
T1 - The Abuse Potential of Prescription Opioids in Humans-Closing in on the First Century of Research
T2 - Current topics in behavioral neurosciences
TI - The Abuse Potential of Prescription Opioids in Humans-Closing in on the First Century of Research
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 27356522
U3 - 10.1007/7854_2016_448
VL - 34
VO - 1866-3370; 1866-3370
Y1 - 2017
ER -