TY - JOUR
KW - Analgesics, Opioid/poisoning/therapeutic use
KW - Drug Administration Routes
KW - Drug Approval
KW - Drug Delivery Systems
KW - Drug Overdose/drug therapy
KW - Emergencies
KW - Humans
KW - Naloxone/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
KW - Narcotic Antagonists/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
KW - Respiratory Insufficiency/chemically induced
KW - United States
KW - United States Food and Drug Administration
KW - Auto-injector
KW - intranasal kit
KW - naloxone
KW - nasal spray
KW - opioid emergency
KW - opioid overdose
KW - opioid-induced respiratory depression
AU - M. J. Elzey
AU - J. Fudin
AU - E. S. Edwards
A1 - 
AB - INTRODUCTION: Naloxone reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression outside of medical facilities has become more prevalent because of the escalating opioid epidemic in the USA. Take-home naloxone for treatment of opioid emergencies is now being recommended by numerous federal, state, and professional organizations. Areas covered: The scope of the opioid overdose epidemic is reviewed along with practical, clinical, regulatory, and usability considerations for take-home naloxone routes of administration currently available and associated delivery systems. Specific opioid-related factors are discussed in detail with emphasis placed on life-threatening respiratory depression and naloxone antagonism. A clinical overview, including pharmacokinetic and FDA approval information for each take-home naloxone product is discussed in detail as well as the impact of take-home naloxone in the community. Finally, given these products are to be used in a panic-stricken, life-threatening opioid emergency, an analysis of available usability data is provided with proposed directions for further study. Expert opinion: Based on the available clinical evidence, auto-injectable naloxone should be the preferred administration route for take-home naloxone treatment until additional safety, efficacy, and comparative outcomes data are available for unconventional routes of administration that unequivocally provide equal or superior results.
AD - a Medical Affairs , kaleo, Inc ., Richmond , VA , USA.; b Scientific and Clinical Affairs at Remitigate, LLC , Delmar , NY , USA.; c PGY2 Pharmacy Pain Management, Stratton VA Medical Center , Albany , NY , USA.; d Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences , Albany , NY , USA.; e Western New England University College of Pharmacy , Springfield , MA , USA.; a Medical Affairs , kaleo, Inc ., Richmond , VA , USA.
BT - Expert opinion on drug delivery
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use
CP - 9
CY - England
DO - 10.1080/17425247.2017.1230097
IS - 9
JF - Expert opinion on drug delivery
M1 - Journal Article
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Naloxone reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression outside of medical facilities has become more prevalent because of the escalating opioid epidemic in the USA. Take-home naloxone for treatment of opioid emergencies is now being recommended by numerous federal, state, and professional organizations. Areas covered: The scope of the opioid overdose epidemic is reviewed along with practical, clinical, regulatory, and usability considerations for take-home naloxone routes of administration currently available and associated delivery systems. Specific opioid-related factors are discussed in detail with emphasis placed on life-threatening respiratory depression and naloxone antagonism. A clinical overview, including pharmacokinetic and FDA approval information for each take-home naloxone product is discussed in detail as well as the impact of take-home naloxone in the community. Finally, given these products are to be used in a panic-stricken, life-threatening opioid emergency, an analysis of available usability data is provided with proposed directions for further study. Expert opinion: Based on the available clinical evidence, auto-injectable naloxone should be the preferred administration route for take-home naloxone treatment until additional safety, efficacy, and comparative outcomes data are available for unconventional routes of administration that unequivocally provide equal or superior results.
PP - England
PY - 2017
SN - 1744-7593; 1742-5247
SP - 1045
EP - 1058
EP - 
T1 - Take-home naloxone treatment for opioid emergencies: a comparison of routes of administration and associated delivery systems
T2 - Expert opinion on drug delivery
TI - Take-home naloxone treatment for opioid emergencies: a comparison of routes of administration and associated delivery systems
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 27606669
U3 - 10.1080/17425247.2017.1230097
VL - 14
VO - 1744-7593; 1742-5247
Y1 - 2017
Y2 - Sep
ER -