TY - JOUR
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Community Mental Health Services/methods/organization & administration
KW - Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/statistics & numerical data
KW - Female
KW - Follow-Up Studies
KW - Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Mass Screening/methods/organization & administration
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Primary Health Care
KW - Primary Health Care/organization & administration
KW - Rural Health Services/organization & administration
KW - rural-urban
KW - Substance Abuse Detection/methods
KW - substance screening and monitoring
KW - Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
KW - Urban Health Services/organization & administration
KW - Washington/epidemiology
KW - Young Adult
AU - Y. F. Chan
AU - S. E. Lu
AU - B. Howe
AU - H. Tieben
AU - T. Hoeft
AU - J. Unutzer
A1 - 
AB - BACKGROUND: Rates of substance use in rural areas are close to those of urban areas. While recent efforts have emphasized integrated care as a promising model for addressing workforce shortages in providing behavioral health services to those living in medically underserved regions, little is known on how substance use problems are addressed in rural primary care settings. OBJECTIVE: To examine rural-urban variations in screening and monitoring primary care- based patients for substance use problems in a state-wide mental health integration program. DESIGN: This was an observational study using patient registry. SUBJECTS: The study included adult enrollees (n = 15,843) with a mental disorder from 133 participating community health clinics. MAIN OUTCOMES: We measured whether a standardized substance use instrument was used to screen patients at treatment entry and to monitor symptoms at follow-up visits. KEY RESULTS: While on average 73.6 % of patients were screened for substance use, follow-up on substance use problems after initial screening was low (41.4 %); clinics in small/isolated rural settings appeared to be the lowest (13.6 %). Patients who were treated for a mental disorder or substance abuse in the past and who showed greater psychiatric complexities were more likely to receive a screening, whereas patients of small, isolated rural clinics and those traveling longer distances to the care facility were least likely to receive follow-up monitoring for their substance use problems. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the prevalent substance misuse among patients with mental disorders, opportunities to screen this high-risk population for substance use and provide a timely follow-up for those identified as at risk remained overlooked in both rural and urban areas. Rural residents continue to bear a disproportionate burden of substance use problems, with rural-urban disparities found to be most salient in providing the continuum of services for patients with substance use problems in primary care.
BT - Journal of general internal medicine
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use; Healthcare Disparities
CP - 2
CY - United States
DO - 10.1007/s11606-015-3488-y
IS - 2
JF - Journal of general internal medicine
N2 - BACKGROUND: Rates of substance use in rural areas are close to those of urban areas. While recent efforts have emphasized integrated care as a promising model for addressing workforce shortages in providing behavioral health services to those living in medically underserved regions, little is known on how substance use problems are addressed in rural primary care settings. OBJECTIVE: To examine rural-urban variations in screening and monitoring primary care- based patients for substance use problems in a state-wide mental health integration program. DESIGN: This was an observational study using patient registry. SUBJECTS: The study included adult enrollees (n = 15,843) with a mental disorder from 133 participating community health clinics. MAIN OUTCOMES: We measured whether a standardized substance use instrument was used to screen patients at treatment entry and to monitor symptoms at follow-up visits. KEY RESULTS: While on average 73.6 % of patients were screened for substance use, follow-up on substance use problems after initial screening was low (41.4 %); clinics in small/isolated rural settings appeared to be the lowest (13.6 %). Patients who were treated for a mental disorder or substance abuse in the past and who showed greater psychiatric complexities were more likely to receive a screening, whereas patients of small, isolated rural clinics and those traveling longer distances to the care facility were least likely to receive follow-up monitoring for their substance use problems. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the prevalent substance misuse among patients with mental disorders, opportunities to screen this high-risk population for substance use and provide a timely follow-up for those identified as at risk remained overlooked in both rural and urban areas. Rural residents continue to bear a disproportionate burden of substance use problems, with rural-urban disparities found to be most salient in providing the continuum of services for patients with substance use problems in primary care.
PP - United States
PY - 2016
SN - 1525-1497; 0884-8734
SP - 215
EP - 222
EP - 
T1 - Screening and Follow-Up Monitoring for Substance Use in Primary Care: An Exploration of Rural-Urban Variations
T2 - Journal of general internal medicine
TI - Screening and Follow-Up Monitoring for Substance Use in Primary Care: An Exploration of Rural-Urban Variations
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use; Healthcare Disparities
U2 - 26269130
U3 - 10.1007/s11606-015-3488-y
VL - 31
VO - 1525-1497; 0884-8734
Y1 - 2016
ER -