TY - JOUR
KW - Adult
KW - Age Distribution
KW - Canada/epidemiology
KW - Chronic Disease/epidemiology
KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology/therapy
KW - Crime/statistics & numerical data
KW - Drug Users/psychology/statistics & numerical data
KW - Feasibility Studies
KW - Female
KW - Health Status
KW - Housing/statistics & numerical data
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Needle Sharing/statistics & numerical data
KW - Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology/therapy
KW - Patient Selection
KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
KW - Research Subjects
KW - Risk-Taking
KW - Sex Distribution
KW - Social Isolation
KW - Socioeconomic Factors
KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology/therapy
KW - Treatment Failure
KW - Urban Health/statistics & numerical data
AU - E. Oviedo-Joekes
AU - B. Nosyk
AU - S. Brissette
AU - J. Chettiar
AU - P. Schneeberger
AU - D. C. Marsh
AU - M. Krausz
AU - A. Anis
AU - M. T. Schechter
A1 - 
AB - The North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI) is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in the Canadian context. Our objective is to analyze the profile of the NAOMI participant cohort in the context of illicit opioid use in Canada and to evaluate its comparability with patient profiles of European HAT studies. Recruitment began in February 2005 and ended in March 2007. Inclusion criteria included opioid dependence, 5 or more years of opioid use, regular opioid injection, and at least two previous opiate addiction treatment attempts. Standardized assessment instruments such as the European Addiction Severity Index and the Maudsley Addiction Profile were employed. A total of 251 individuals were randomized from Vancouver, BC (192, 76.5%), and Montreal, Quebec (59, 23.5%); 38.5% were female, the mean age was 39.7 years (SD:8.6), and participants had injected drugs for 16.5 years (SD:9.9), on average. In the prior month, heroin was used a mean of 26.5 days (SD:7.4) and cocaine 16 days (SD;12.6). Vancouver had significantly more patients residing in unstable housing (88.5 vs. 22%; p < 0.001) and higher use of smoked crack cocaine (16.9 days vs. 2.3 days in the prior month; p < 0.001), while a significantly higher proportion of Montreal participants reported needle sharing in the prior 6 months (25% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.001). In many respects, the patient cohort was similar to the European trials; however, NAOMI had a higher proportion of female participants and participants residing in unstable housing. This study suggests that the NAOMI study successfully recruited participants with a profile indicated for HAT. It also raises concern about the high levels of crack cocaine use and social marginalization.
BT - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
C5 - Opioids & Substance Use
CP - 6
CY - United States
IS - 6
JF - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
N2 - The North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI) is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in the Canadian context. Our objective is to analyze the profile of the NAOMI participant cohort in the context of illicit opioid use in Canada and to evaluate its comparability with patient profiles of European HAT studies. Recruitment began in February 2005 and ended in March 2007. Inclusion criteria included opioid dependence, 5 or more years of opioid use, regular opioid injection, and at least two previous opiate addiction treatment attempts. Standardized assessment instruments such as the European Addiction Severity Index and the Maudsley Addiction Profile were employed. A total of 251 individuals were randomized from Vancouver, BC (192, 76.5%), and Montreal, Quebec (59, 23.5%); 38.5% were female, the mean age was 39.7 years (SD:8.6), and participants had injected drugs for 16.5 years (SD:9.9), on average. In the prior month, heroin was used a mean of 26.5 days (SD:7.4) and cocaine 16 days (SD;12.6). Vancouver had significantly more patients residing in unstable housing (88.5 vs. 22%; p < 0.001) and higher use of smoked crack cocaine (16.9 days vs. 2.3 days in the prior month; p < 0.001), while a significantly higher proportion of Montreal participants reported needle sharing in the prior 6 months (25% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.001). In many respects, the patient cohort was similar to the European trials; however, NAOMI had a higher proportion of female participants and participants residing in unstable housing. This study suggests that the NAOMI study successfully recruited participants with a profile indicated for HAT. It also raises concern about the high levels of crack cocaine use and social marginalization.
PP - United States
PY - 2008
SN - 1099-3460; 1099-3460
SP - 812
EP - 825
EP - 
T1 - The North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI): profile of participants in North America's first trial of heroin-assisted treatment
T2 - Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
TI - The North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI): profile of participants in North America's first trial of heroin-assisted treatment
U1 - Opioids & Substance Use
U2 - 18758964
VL - 85
VO - 1099-3460; 1099-3460
Y1 - 2008
ER -