TY - JOUR
KW - Adult
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Depressive Disorder/economics/epidemiology
KW - Female
KW - Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Netherlands/epidemiology
KW - Primary Health Care/economics/statistics & numerical data/utilization
KW - Referral and Consultation/economics/statistics & numerical data
AU - J. E. Bosmans
AU - M. C. de Bruijne
AU - M. R. de Boer
AU - H. van Hout
AU - P. van Steenwijk
AU - M. W. van Tulder
A1 - 
AB - BACKGROUND: Depression is highly prevalent in Western countries and is associated with increased health care costs. Most depressed patients are treated in primary care. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the resource use and costs of depressed patients treated in primary care in comparison with matched controls. METHODS: Data from an electronic medical record system of 20 general practices in The Netherlands for the years 2002-04 were used. A patient was considered depressed when having a diagnosis of depression and either a prescription for antidepressants or a referral to mental health care. Matching was based on age, sex and GP. Multilevel analyses combined with bootstrapping were performed to compare costs between depressed and matched control patients while correcting for clustering at the level of the GP and adjusting for confounding by age, sex and co-morbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of recognized and subsequently treated depression was 3.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0 to 3.2]. Total health care costs per patient in 2002-04 were on average euro2859 (SD 2297) in depressed patients and euro658 (SD 1070) in control patients (mean difference euro2202, 95% CI 2146 to 2257). After adjustment for co-morbidity, depressed patients had excess costs of euro1403 (95% CI 1350 to 1456). CONCLUSION: Our results show that health care costs of depressed patients are much higher compared with matched controls even after adjusting for co-morbidity. This was not only true for mental but also for general medical care utilization. These results emphasize the need to develop cost-effective interventions to treat depression in primary care.
BT - Family practice
C5 - Financing & Sustainability
CP - 5
CY - England
DO - 10.1093/fampra/cmq033
IS - 5
JF - Family practice
N2 - BACKGROUND: Depression is highly prevalent in Western countries and is associated with increased health care costs. Most depressed patients are treated in primary care. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the resource use and costs of depressed patients treated in primary care in comparison with matched controls. METHODS: Data from an electronic medical record system of 20 general practices in The Netherlands for the years 2002-04 were used. A patient was considered depressed when having a diagnosis of depression and either a prescription for antidepressants or a referral to mental health care. Matching was based on age, sex and GP. Multilevel analyses combined with bootstrapping were performed to compare costs between depressed and matched control patients while correcting for clustering at the level of the GP and adjusting for confounding by age, sex and co-morbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of recognized and subsequently treated depression was 3.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0 to 3.2]. Total health care costs per patient in 2002-04 were on average euro2859 (SD 2297) in depressed patients and euro658 (SD 1070) in control patients (mean difference euro2202, 95% CI 2146 to 2257). After adjustment for co-morbidity, depressed patients had excess costs of euro1403 (95% CI 1350 to 1456). CONCLUSION: Our results show that health care costs of depressed patients are much higher compared with matched controls even after adjusting for co-morbidity. This was not only true for mental but also for general medical care utilization. These results emphasize the need to develop cost-effective interventions to treat depression in primary care.
PP - England
PY - 2010
SN - 1460-2229; 0263-2136
SP - 542
EP - 548
EP - 
T1 - Health care costs of depression in primary care patients in The Netherlands
T2 - Family practice
TI - Health care costs of depression in primary care patients in The Netherlands
U1 - Financing & Sustainability
U2 - 20530527
U3 - 10.1093/fampra/cmq033
VL - 27
VO - 1460-2229; 0263-2136
Y1 - 2010
ER -